Sha Qian-Qian, Zhang Jue, Fan Heng-Yu
Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Oct 9;8:597498. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597498. eCollection 2020.
During oogenesis and fertilization, histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) tightly regulate the methylation of histone H3 on lysine-4 (H3K4me) by adding and removing methyl groups, respectively. Female germline-specific conditional knockout approaches that abolish the maternal store of target mRNAs and proteins are used to examine the functions of H3K4 KMTs and KDMs during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in information regarding the deposition and removal of histone H3K4 methylations, as well as their functional roles in sculpting and poising the oocytic and zygotic genomes. We start by describing the role of KMTs in establishing H3K4 methylation patterns in oocytes and the impact of H3K4 methylation on oocyte maturation and competence to undergo MZT. We then introduce the latest information regarding H3K4 demethylases that account for the dynamic changes in H3K4 modification levels during development and finish the review by specifying important unanswered questions in this research field along with promising future directions for H3K4-related epigenetic studies.
在卵子发生和受精过程中，组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶（KMTs）和组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶（KDMs）分别通过添加和去除甲基基团，紧密调控组蛋白H3赖氨酸-4位点（H3K4me）的甲基化。利用雌性生殖系特异性条件性敲除方法来消除靶mRNA和蛋白质的母体储存，以研究H3K4 KMTs和KDMs在卵子发生和早期胚胎发育过程中的功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关组蛋白H3K4甲基化修饰的沉积和去除的最新研究进展，以及它们在塑造和平衡卵母细胞和合子基因组方面的功能作用。我们首先描述KMTs在卵母细胞中建立H3K4甲基化模式的作用，以及H3K4甲基化对卵母细胞成熟和进行母源-合子转变（MZT）能力的影响。然后，我们介绍有关H3K4去甲基化酶的最新信息，这些酶解释了发育过程中H3K4修饰水平的动态变化，并通过明确该研究领域中重要的未解决问题以及H3K4相关表观遗传学研究的未来发展方向来结束本综述。
