Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, 210095 Nanjing, China.
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Jan;154:106995. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106995. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
Phylogenetic assessments of functional traits are important for mechanistically understanding the interactions between organisms and environments, but such practices are strongly limited by the availability of phylogenetic frameworks. The tomocerin springtails are an ancient, widespread and ecologically important group of terrestrial arthropods, whereas their phylogeny and trait evolution remained unaddressed. In the present study, we conducted the first comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of Tomocerinae, based on a multi-loci molecular dataset covering all major lineages within the subfamily, using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum-likelihood (ML) and maximum-parsimony (MP) approaches. Divergence time was estimated and ancestral character state reconstruction (ACSR) was performed to trace the evolutionary history of five ecomorphological traits correlated with sensory and locomotory functions. Our results support the monophyly of Tomocerinae, and indicate that current classification of Tomocerinae only partially reflects evolutionary relationships, notably the commonest and speciose genus Tomocerus is polyphyletic. The subfamily probably originated in Early Cretaceous and diversified in two Cretaceous and one Eocene radiation events. As indicated by the evolutionary patterns of functional traits, multiple ecological divergences took place during the diversification of Tomocerinae. The study suggests a potential underestimation of ecological divergence and functional diversity in terrestrial arthropods, calls for an update of present trait databases, and demonstrates the value of macroevolutionary knowledge for improving the trait-based ecology. In addition, Tomocerus, Tomocerina and Tritomurus are redefined, a new genus Yoshiicerusgen. n. and new subgenera Coloratomurussubgen. n., Ciliatomurussubgen. n., Striatomurussubgen. n. and Ocreatomurussubgen. n. are described in the appendix.
系统发育功能性状评估对于从机械角度理解生物与环境之间的相互作用至关重要，但此类实践受到系统发育框架可用性的严重限制。汤姆塞林跳虫是一类古老、广泛且具有重要生态意义的陆地节肢动物，但它们的系统发育和性状进化仍未得到解决。在本研究中，我们基于涵盖该亚科所有主要谱系的多基因座分子数据集，首次对汤姆塞林跳虫进行了全面的系统发育重建，使用贝叶斯推断 (BI)、最大似然法 (ML) 和最大简约法 (MP) 进行分析。我们估计了分歧时间，并进行了祖先性状重建 (ACSR)，以追踪与感觉和运动功能相关的五个生态形态特征的进化历史。我们的结果支持汤姆塞林跳虫的单系性，并表明当前的汤姆塞林跳虫分类仅部分反映了进化关系，特别是最常见和物种最多的汤姆塞林跳虫属是多系的。该亚科可能起源于早白垩世，并在两次白垩纪和一次始新世辐射事件中多样化。正如功能性状的进化模式所表明的那样，汤姆塞林跳虫的多样化过程中发生了多次生态分歧。本研究表明，陆地节肢动物的生态分歧和功能多样性可能被低估，呼吁更新现有的性状数据库，并展示宏观进化知识对于改善基于性状的生态学的价值。此外，我们重新定义了汤姆塞林跳虫属、汤姆塞林跳虫亚属和三刺跳虫属，描述了一个新属 Yoshiicerusgen. n. 和新的亚属 Coloratomurussubgen. n.、Ciliatomurussubgen. n.、Striatomurussubgen. n. 和 Ocreatomurussubgen. n.。
