Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.
Chem Rev. 2021 May 12;121(9):5124-5157. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00869. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
The biology of mycobacteria is dominated by a complex cell envelope of unique composition and structure and of exceptionally low permeability. This cell envelope is the basis of many of the pathogenic features of mycobacteria and the site of susceptibility and resistance to many antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. This review is focused on the transporters that assemble and functionalize this complex structure. It highlights both the progress and the limits of our understanding of how (lipo)polysaccharides, (glyco)lipids, and other bacterial secretion products are translocated across the different layers of the cell envelope to their final extra-cytoplasmic location. It further describes some of the unique strategies evolved by mycobacteria to import nutrients and other products through this highly impermeable barrier.
分枝杆菌的生物学特性主要由独特的组成和结构以及极低通透性的复杂细胞包膜所决定。该细胞包膜是分枝杆菌许多致病特征的基础，也是许多抗生素和宿主防御机制敏感性和耐药性的部位。这篇综述重点介绍了组装和功能化这种复杂结构的转运蛋白。它既强调了我们对（脂）多糖、（糖）脂和其他细菌分泌产物如何穿过细胞包膜的不同层到达最终的细胞外位置的理解的进展和局限性，也描述了分枝杆菌通过这种高度不可渗透的屏障导入营养物质和其他产物的一些独特策略。
