SFB 1070 ResourceCultures, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 10;15(11):e0239865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239865. eCollection 2020.
The systematic use of antlers and other osseous materials by modern humans marks a set of cultural and technological innovations in the early Upper Paleolithic, as is seen most clearly in the Aurignacian. Split-based points, which are one of the most common osseous tools, are present throughout most regions where the Aurignacian is documented. Using results from recent and ongoing excavations at Geißenklösterle, Hohle Fels and Vogelherd, we nearly tripled the sample of split-based points from 31 to 87 specimens, and thereby enhance our understanding of the technological economy surrounding the production of osseous tools. Aurignacian people of the Swabian Jura typically left spit-based points at sites that appear to be base camps rich with numerous examples of personal ornaments, figurative art, symbolic imagery, and musical instruments. The artifact assemblages from SW Germany highlight a production sequence that resembles that of SW France and Cantabria, except for the absence of tongued pieces. Our study documents the life histories of osseous tools and demonstrates templates for manufacture, use, recycling, and discard of these archetypal artifacts from the Aurignacian. The study also underlines the diversified repertoire of modern humans in cultural and technological realms highlighting their adaptive capabilities.
现代人系统地使用鹿角和其他骨骼材料标志着旧石器时代晚期的一系列文化和技术创新，这在奥瑞纳文化中最为明显。分裂式尖状器是最常见的骨骼工具之一，在奥瑞纳文化有记载的大多数地区都有发现。利用盖森克勒斯特勒、洪勒费尔斯和沃格尔赫德最近和正在进行的发掘的结果，我们将分裂式尖状器的样本数量从 31 个增加到 87 个，几乎增加了两倍，从而加深了我们对骨骼工具生产周围技术经济的理解。斯瓦比亚侏罗山的奥瑞纳文化人通常会在似乎是大本营的地方留下分裂式尖状器，这些地方有大量的个人饰品、具象艺术、象征性图像和乐器。来自德国西南部的人工制品组合突出了一个生产序列，类似于法国西南部和坎塔布里亚的生产序列，只是没有舌形件。我们的研究记录了骨骼工具的生命史，并展示了这些奥瑞纳文化原型制品制造、使用、回收和丢弃的模板。该研究还强调了现代人在文化和技术领域的多样化剧目，突出了他们的适应能力。
