Nascimento Eliza Fabricio de Melo Bellard do, Leal-Bertioli Soraya Cristina de Macedo, Bertioli David John, Chavarro Carolina, Freitas Fábio Oliveira, Moretzsohn Márcio de Carvalho, Guimarães Patricia Messenberg, Valls José Francisco Montenegro, Araujo Ana Claudia Guerra de
Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2020 Nov 6;43(4):e20190418. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2019-0418. eCollection 2020.
Peanut is a crop of the Kayabi tribe, inhabiting the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil. Morphological analysis of Xingu accessions showed variation exceeding that described for cultivated peanuts. This raised questions as to the origin of the Xingu accessions: are they derived from different species, or is their diversity a result of different evolutionary and selection processes? To answer these questions, cytogenetic and genotyping analyses were conducted. The karyotypes of Xingu accessions analyzed are very similar to each other, to an A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata accession and to the wild allotetraploid A. monticola. The accessions share the number and general morphology of the chromosomes; DAPI+ bands; 5S and 45S rDNA loci distribution and a high genomic affinity with A. duranensis and A. ipaënsis genomic probes. However, the number of CMA3+ bands differs from those determined for A. hypogaea and A. monticola, which are also different from each other. SNP genotyping grouped all Arachis allotetraploids into four taxonomic groups: Xingu accessions were closer to A. monticola and A. hypogaea subsp. hypogaea. Our data suggests that the morphological diversity within these accessions is not associated with a different origin and can be attributed to morphological plasticity and different selection by the Indian tribes.
花生是居住在巴西欣古印第安人保护区的卡亚比部落的一种作物。对欣古地区的花生品种进行形态学分析发现，其变异程度超过了已报道的栽培花生。这就引发了关于欣古地区花生品种起源的问题：它们是源自不同物种，还是其多样性是不同进化和选择过程的结果？为了回答这些问题，我们进行了细胞遗传学和基因分型分析。所分析的欣古地区花生品种的核型彼此非常相似，与普通型花生品种以及野生异源四倍体蒙蒂科拉花生相似。这些品种在染色体数量和总体形态、DAPI+带、5S和45S rDNA位点分布以及与杜兰花生和伊帕内玛花生基因组探针的高基因组亲和力方面具有共性。然而，CMA3+带的数量与普通花生和蒙蒂科拉花生不同，普通花生和蒙蒂科拉花生之间也存在差异。单核苷酸多态性基因分型将所有花生属异源四倍体分为四个分类组：欣古地区的花生品种与蒙蒂科拉花生和普通花生亚种更为接近。我们的数据表明，这些花生品种的形态多样性并非源于不同的起源，而是可归因于形态可塑性以及印第安部落的不同选择。
