Habash Samer S, Brass Hannah U C, Klein Andreas S, Klebl David P, Weber Tim Moritz, Classen Thomas, Pietruszka Jörg, Grundler Florian M W, Schleker A Sylvia S
INRES Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Jülich, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Oct 16;11:579807. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.579807. eCollection 2020.
Bacterial metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules which can be used as such or serve as chemical frameworks for developing new antimicrobial compounds for various applications including crop protection against pathogens. Prodiginines are tripyrrolic, red-colored compounds produced by many bacterial species. Recently, due to the use of chemical-, bio-, or mutasynthesis, a novel group of prodiginines was generated. In our study, we perform different assays to evaluate the effects of prodigiosin and five derivatives on nematodes and plant pathogenic fungi as well as on plant development. Our results showed that prodigiosin and the derivatives were active against the bacterial feeding nematode in a concentration- and derivative-dependent manner while a direct effect on infective juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode was observed for prodigiosin only. All compounds were found to be active against the plant pathogenic fungi and Efficacy varied depending on compound concentration and chemical structure. We observed that prodigiosin (), the 12 ring- , and hexenol derivatives are neutral or even positive for growth of depending on the applied compound concentration, whereas other derivatives appear to be suppressive. Our infection assays revealed that the total number of developed individuals on was decreased to 50% in the presence of compounds or . Furthermore, female nematodes and their associated syncytia were smaller in size. Prodiginines seem to indirectly inhibit parasitism of the plant. Further research is needed to elucidate their mode of action. Our results indicate that prodiginines are promising metabolites that have the potential to be developed into novel antinematodal and antifungal agents.
细菌代谢产物是生物活性分子的宝贵来源，这些分子可直接使用，或作为化学框架用于开发新的抗菌化合物，以用于包括作物病原体防护在内的各种应用。灵菌红素是许多细菌物种产生的三吡咯类红色化合物。最近，由于化学合成、生物合成或突变合成的应用，产生了一组新型的灵菌红素。在我们的研究中，我们进行了不同的试验，以评估灵菌红素及其五种衍生物对线虫、植物病原真菌以及植物发育的影响。我们的结果表明，灵菌红素及其衍生物对取食细菌的线虫具有浓度和衍生物依赖性活性，而仅观察到灵菌红素对植物寄生线虫的感染性幼虫有直接影响。所有化合物均被发现对植物病原真菌有活性，其功效因化合物浓度和化学结构而异。我们观察到，根据所应用的化合物浓度，灵菌红素（）、12-环-和己烯醇衍生物对的生长呈中性甚至阳性，而其他衍生物似乎具有抑制作用。我们的感染试验表明，在存在化合物或的情况下，上发育的个体总数减少到了50%。此外，雌性线虫及其相关的多核细胞体积较小。灵菌红素似乎间接抑制植物的寄生。需要进一步研究以阐明其作用方式。我们的结果表明，灵菌红素是有前景的代谢产物，有潜力被开发成新型抗线虫和抗真菌剂。
