Lee Hojun, Joo Chang-Hwa
Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
J Exerc Rehabil. 2020 Oct 27;16(5):442-449. doi: 10.12965/jer.2040598.299. eCollection 2020 Oct.
There may be an optimal period of time to maximize the improvement of physical fitness during adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude of changes in physical fitness after 8 weeks of preseason training according to chronological ages after the age at peak high velocity. Thirty male young football players from an elite football team (U-16, n=10; U-17, n=10; U-18, n=10) participated in the study. The players completed an 8-week general preseason football training and participated in the pre- and posttests to measure physical fitness. The 8-week preseason training improved the power of all young players (<0.05). The 20-m sprint performance was improved by training in U-16 and U-18 (<0.05), but no changes were found in the U-17 group (>0.05). Significant differences were found in the arrowhead left in U-16 and U-18 (<0.05) after training; however, no difference was observed in U-17 (>0.05). Coordination was enhanced further in U-16 and U-17 (<0.05) compared with that in U-18 (>0.05). The performance of repeated sprints and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) were similar between pre- and posttraining in all age groups (>0.05). Collectively, the results emphasized the importance of systematic and scientific training methods to improve the fitness levels of young football players in the preseason training period. Moreover, training to improve coordination in young football players is effective at younger ages.
在青春期，可能存在一个能使体能提升最大化的最佳时间段。本研究的目的是根据青春期身高增长峰值年龄之后的实际年龄，考察季前训练8周后体能变化的幅度。来自一支精英足球队的30名男性年轻足球运动员（16岁组，n = 10；17岁组，n = 10；18岁组，n = 10）参与了本研究。运动员们完成了为期8周的常规季前足球训练，并参加了体能测试的前测和后测。为期8周的季前训练提高了所有年轻运动员的力量（P<0.05）。16岁组和18岁组通过训练提高了20米短跑成绩（P<0.05），但17岁组未发现变化（P>0.05）。训练后，16岁组和18岁组在立定跳远方面存在显著差异（P<0.05）；然而，17岁组未观察到差异（P>0.05）。与18岁组（P>0.05）相比，16岁组和17岁组的协调性进一步增强（P<0.05）。所有年龄组在重复冲刺跑和Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级（Yo-Yo IR1）的训练前后表现相似（P>0.05）。总体而言，结果强调了系统科学的训练方法对提高年轻足球运动员季前训练期体能水平的重要性。此外，在较年轻的时候训练提高年轻足球运动员的协调性是有效的。
