Papadakis Leonidas, Tymvios Charis, Patras Konstantinos
Omonoia Nicosia FC, Nicosia, Cyprus.
BHS Diagnostics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Mar;60(3):329-337. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10109-9.
An association between training load and changes in aerobic fitness has been established but the effect of training load on changes in strength/power remains controversial.
Internal (Banister's TRIMP) and external (total distance, high-speed running and sprint distance) training load was collected from sixteen professional soccer players during and aerobic fitness and strength/power variables were measured before and after a 9-week pre-season.
Banister's TRIMP had a moderate correlation with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.46, 90% CI: 0.04; 0.74). Total distance had a large and a moderate correlation with changes in velocity at 2M (r=0.60, 90% CI: 0.23; 0.82) and changes in velocity at 4M (r=0.42, 90% CI: -0.01; 0.72). High-speed running had moderate correlations with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.45, 90% CI: 0.03; 0.74), velocity at 2M (r=0.45, 90% CI: 0.03; 0.74) and velocity at 4M (r=0.39, 90% CI: -0.00; 0.70). Sprint distance had a large and a moderate correlation with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.58, 90% CI: 0.20; 0.81) and velocity at 4M (r=0.46, 90% CI: 0.00; 0.74 respectively). High versus low total distance was associated with lower changes in squat jump and countermovement jump (ES=-0.90, 90% CI: -1.57; -0.24 and ES=-1.06, 90% CI: -1.89; -0.24) respectively. High versus low high-speed running was associated with higher changes in maximal oxygen uptake (ES=0.36, 90% CI: 0.02; 0.70) but lower changes in squat jump (ES=-0.58, 90% CI: -1.32; 0.15).
External rather internal training load had more pronounced correlations with changes in aerobic fitness. Higher compared with lower volumes of total distance and high-speed running were associated with lower gains in strength/power indices. Establishing a "dose-response" association between external/internal training load and endurance as well as strength adaptations, may maximize endurance gains with the least possible interference on strength/power gains, thus better informing soccer training practice.
训练负荷与有氧适能变化之间的关联已得到确立，但训练负荷对力量/功率变化的影响仍存在争议。
在为期9周的季前赛期间，收集了16名职业足球运动员的内部训练负荷（班尼斯特的训练负荷积分）和外部训练负荷（总距离、高速跑距离和冲刺距离），并在赛前和赛后测量了有氧适能和力量/功率变量。
班尼斯特的训练负荷积分与最大摄氧量的变化呈中度相关（r = 0.46，90%可信区间：0.04；0.74）。总距离与2米处速度的变化呈高度和中度相关（r = 0.60，90%可信区间：0.23；0.82）以及与4米处速度的变化呈中度相关（r = 0.42，90%可信区间：-0.01；0.72）。高速跑与最大摄氧量的变化、2米处速度的变化和4米处速度的变化均呈中度相关（r分别为0.45，90%可信区间：0.03；0.74；r = 0.45，90%可信区间：0.03；0.74；r = 0.39，90%可信区间：-0.00；0.70）。冲刺距离与最大摄氧量的变化和4米处速度的变化分别呈高度和中度相关（r分别为0.58，90%可信区间：0.20；0.81；r = 0.46，90%可信区间：0.00；0.74）。总距离高与低相比，深蹲跳和反向移动跳的变化较低（效应量=-0.90，90%可信区间：-1.57；-0.24和效应量=-1.06，90%可信区间：-1.89；-0.24）。高速跑高与低相比，最大摄氧量的变化较高（效应量=0.36，90%可信区间：0.02；0.70）但深蹲跳的变化较低（效应量=-0.58，90%可信区间：-1.32；0.15）。
外部而非内部训练负荷与有氧适能变化的相关性更为显著。与较低的总距离和高速跑量相比，较高的总距离和高速跑量与力量/功率指标的增益较低有关。在外部/内部训练负荷与耐力以及力量适应之间建立“剂量反应”关联，可能会在对力量/功率增益干扰最小的情况下使耐力增益最大化，从而为足球训练实践提供更好的指导。
