Trussell J, Kost K
Department of Sociology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.
Stud Fam Plann. 1987 Sep-Oct;18(5):237-83.
The overall goal of this paper is to provide for the first time a comprehensive critical review of the literature on contraceptive failure in developed countries, primarily the United States. The first two sections of our paper lay the groundwork for a critical assessment of the extensive body of studies on this subject, by systematically exploring the concepts and measurement of contraceptive efficacy and the methodological pitfalls that snare many investigators and compromise their results. The next two sections focus on results in the literature. First we provide a method-by-method critique of the available studies and then we summarize our conclusions in a single table that provides efficacy information necessary for women and couples to make an informed choice of a method of contraception. We close with a set of substantive observations and also a set of methodological recommendations intended to improve the quality and comparability of findings from future research.
本文的总体目标是首次对发达国家（主要是美国）避孕失败的相关文献进行全面的批判性综述。我们论文的前两部分通过系统探讨避孕效果的概念和衡量方法以及困扰许多研究者并影响其研究结果的方法陷阱，为对该主题大量研究进行批判性评估奠定基础。接下来的两部分聚焦于文献中的研究结果。首先，我们对现有研究按方法逐一进行批判，然后我们在一个单一表格中总结我们的结论，该表格提供了女性和夫妻做出明智的避孕方法选择所需的效果信息。我们以一系列实质性观点以及一系列旨在提高未来研究结果质量和可比性的方法建议作为结尾。
