Trussell J, Sturgen K, Strickler J, Dominik R
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, N.J.
Fam Plann Perspect. 1994 Mar-Apr;26(2):66-72.
Because the research design for the clinical trial establishing the contraceptive efficacy of the female condom--a six-month life-table probability of failure of 15% (12% in the United States vs. 22% in Latin America)--did not include randomization with another method of contraception, no definite conclusion about its comparative efficacy is possible. Comparisons using other female barrier methods as historical controls, however, provide evidence that, among women in the United States, the contraceptive efficacy of the female condom during typical use is not significantly different from that of the diaphragm, the sponge or the cervical cap. The six-month probability of failure during perfect use of the female condom is 2.6% among U.S. women, similar to rates for the diaphragm and the cervical cap but significantly lower than that for the sponge. Meaningful comparisons with the male condom are not possible because of the lack of data from carefully controlled prospective clinical trials. Extrapolations from the results on contraceptive efficacy suggest that perfect use of the female condom may reduce the annual risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus by more than 90% among women who have intercourse twice weekly with an infected male.
由于确定女用避孕套避孕效果的临床试验研究设计（六个月生命表失败概率为15%，在美国为12%，在拉丁美洲为22%）未包括与其他避孕方法的随机对照，因此无法得出关于其相对效果的明确结论。然而，以其他女性屏障方法作为历史对照进行比较，结果表明，在美国女性中，女用避孕套在常规使用时的避孕效果与隔膜、海绵或宫颈帽相比无显著差异。在美国女性中，女用避孕套在理想使用情况下六个月的失败概率为2.6%，与隔膜和宫颈帽的概率相似，但显著低于海绵的概率。由于缺乏来自精心对照的前瞻性临床试验的数据，无法与男用避孕套进行有意义的比较。根据避孕效果的结果推断，对于每周与感染男性性交两次的女性，理想使用女用避孕套可使感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的年度风险降低90%以上。
