Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 23;106(2):472-484. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa824.
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Its activation by cold exposure or adrenergic drugs can increase systemic insulin sensitivity and improve lipid metabolism; however, little is known about the effects of specific dietary components on BAT activity.
We asked if a short-term (4 weeks) dietary intervention with olive oil could modify BAT activity in lean and overweight/obese volunteers.
This was a 4-week open clinical trial in which all participants underwent a dietary intervention with extra-virgin olive oil supplementation. As the initial intake of olive oil was controlled all the participants were controls of themselves.
The intervention resulted in significant increase in blood monounsaturated fatty acid levels, which was accompanied by increased BAT activity in lean but not in overweight/obese volunteers. In the lean group, an increase in leptin was detected after the intervention, and low leptin values at the beginning of the study were predictive of greater BAT activity after intervention. In addition, increase in leptin concentration was associated with increased BAT activity. Three known endogenous mediators of BAT activity, secretin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) were increased by intervention in lean, whereas only secretin and FGF21 were increased in subjects with excessive weight.
This study provides clinical evidence for the impact of monounsaturated fatty acids on BAT activity and an advance in the understanding of the beneficial health effects of olive oil.
棕色脂肪组织（BAT）是治疗肥胖和代谢紊乱的潜在靶点。通过暴露于寒冷或肾上腺素能药物激活 BAT 可以增加全身胰岛素敏感性并改善脂质代谢；然而，人们对特定膳食成分对 BAT 活性的影响知之甚少。
我们想知道短期（4 周）橄榄油饮食干预是否可以改变瘦人和超重/肥胖志愿者的 BAT 活性。
这是一项为期 4 周的开放性临床试验，所有参与者都接受了特级初榨橄榄油补充的饮食干预。由于橄榄油的初始摄入量是可控的，所有参与者都是自己的对照组。
干预导致血液单不饱和脂肪酸水平显著升高，这伴随着瘦志愿者的 BAT 活性增加，但超重/肥胖志愿者的 BAT 活性没有增加。在瘦人群体中，干预后检测到瘦素增加，研究开始时的低瘦素值预示着干预后 BAT 活性增加更大。此外，瘦素浓度的增加与 BAT 活性的增加相关。三种已知的 BAT 活性内源性介质，分泌素、成纤维细胞生长因子 21（FGF21）和 12,13-二羟基-9Z-十八碳烯酸（12,13-diHOME）在瘦人群体中通过干预增加，而仅在超重人群中增加了分泌素和 FGF21。
这项研究为单不饱和脂肪酸对 BAT 活性的影响提供了临床证据，并深入了解橄榄油对健康的有益影响。
