The protective effect and mechanism of pedunculoside on DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Pedunculoside (PE) is derived from the bark of iron holly, a member of the holly family. Previous studies have shown that PE has anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, cholesterol-lowering and blood-pressure-lowering effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PE on ulcerative colitis and to explore its potential mechanisms. We treated a mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) with PE. The results showed that PE had an obvious effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. PE significantly improved the colon length and clinical score in mice, and significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines. In the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 macrophages, we also found that PE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, P65, and P38 to reduce the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS. Furthermore, PE suppressed the LPS-induced transcriptional activities of nuclear factor P65 as well as the phosphorylation of P65. In addition, we also studied the effect of PE on LPS induced AKT/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways with primary peritoneal macrophages. In summary, PE has a beneficial effect on ulcerative colitis, and may be a potential natural product in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.