Department of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Murcia, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera-San Javier, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 9;17(21):8284. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218284.
The purpose of this study was to learn how physical activity, anxiety, resilience and engagement can influence optimism in older adults. An observational, quantitative, descriptive and transversal design was used with non-probabilistic sampling. A descriptive statistical analysis of the sample, Cronbach's alpha test of internal consistency and linear correlation using Pearson's correlation coefficient () were performed. In addition, a t-Student test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality and Levene test of homogeneity, as well as a multivariate linear regression model, were conducted. Participants who had not engaged in physical activity showed an increased total anxiety and significantly greater decrease in concentration compared to those who had engaged in physical activity. The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and resilience of participants who had not engaged in physical activity were significantly lower than those of the participants who had engaged in physical activity. Those with a partner showed significantly lower decreases in concentration compared to single women. Regarding UWES, the current scores and dedication of couples were significantly higher than singles, as for resilience. In addition, the levels of pessimism in participants living on the coast were significantly higher compared to those living inland; in addition, a greater number of days with less anxiety is seen in those who performed physical activity. A multivariate linear regression model, (7, 349) = 30.6, < 0.001, explained 38% of the variance of LOT-R; those attending a public center had a lower LOT-R than those who did not, and high values of anxiety were associated with low levels of LOT-R, while high values of resilience were associated with high values of LOT-R. The results from the study provide support for future programs for older adults, in order to be able to determine in a much more precise way the objectives of programs intended for users of this age group.
本研究旨在探讨身体活动、焦虑、韧性和投入如何影响老年人的乐观态度。采用非概率抽样进行观察、定量、描述和横断设计。对样本进行描述性统计分析、内部一致性的克朗巴赫 α 检验和使用皮尔逊相关系数 () 的线性相关性。此外，还进行了 t 检验、方差分析 (ANOVA)、正态性的 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验和同质性的 Levene 检验，以及一个多元线性回归模型。与进行身体活动的参与者相比，未进行身体活动的参与者表现出总焦虑增加，注意力明显下降。未进行身体活动的参与者的修订生活取向测试 (LOT-R)、乌得勒支工作投入量表 (UWES) 和韧性明显低于进行身体活动的参与者。有伴侣的人比单身女性注意力下降幅度明显较小。关于 UWES，夫妻双方的当前得分和奉献精神明显高于单身人士，韧性也是如此。此外，居住在沿海地区的参与者的悲观情绪水平明显高于内陆地区；此外，在进行身体活动的人群中，焦虑程度较低的天数也更多。多元线性回归模型，（7, 349) = 30.6，<0.001，解释了 LOT-R 方差的 38%；参加公共中心的人 LOT-R 比不参加的人低，高焦虑值与低 LOT-R 水平相关，而高韧性值与高 LOT-R 水平相关。研究结果为未来针对老年人的计划提供了支持，以便能够更精确地确定针对该年龄组用户的计划目标。
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