性格乐观。
Dispositional optimism.
机构信息
University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
出版信息
Trends Cogn Sci. 2014 Jun;18(6):293-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Abstract
Optimism is a cognitive construct (expectancies regarding future outcomes) that also relates to motivation: optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Study of optimism began largely in health contexts, finding positive associations between optimism and markers of better psychological and physical health. Physical health effects likely occur through differences in both health-promoting behaviors and physiological concomitants of coping. Recently, the scientific study of optimism has extended to the realm of social relations: new evidence indicates that optimists have better social connections, partly because they work harder at them. In this review, we examine the myriad ways this trait can benefit an individual, and our current understanding of the biological basis of optimism.
摘要
乐观主义是一种认知结构（对未来结果的期望），它也与动机有关：乐观的人会付出努力，而悲观的人则会放弃努力。对乐观主义的研究主要始于健康领域，发现乐观主义与更好的心理和身体健康的标志物之间存在积极的关联。身体健康的影响可能是通过健康促进行为和应对的生理伴随物的差异产生的。最近，乐观主义的科学研究已经扩展到社会关系领域：新的证据表明，乐观主义者有更好的社会关系，部分原因是他们为此付出了更多的努力。在这篇综述中，我们考察了这种特质可以使个体受益的诸多方式，以及我们目前对乐观主义的生物学基础的理解。
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