School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Mol Biol Rep. 2020 Dec;47(12):9801-9810. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05993-4. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Endosomes and lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles crucial for the normal functioning of the eukaryotic cell. The primary function of endosomes relates to the transportation of extracellular material into the intracellular domain. Lysosomes, on the other hand, are primarily involved in the degradation of macromolecules. Endosomes and lysosomes interact through two distinct pathways: kiss-and-run and direct fusion. In addition to the internalization of particles, endosomes also play an important role in cell signaling and autophagy. Disruptions in either of these processes may contribute to cancer development. Lysosomal proteins, such as cathepsins, can play a role in both tumorigenesis and cancer cell apoptosis. Since endosomal and lysosomal biogenesis and signaling are important components of normal cellular growth and proliferation, proteins involved in these processes are attractive targets for cancer research and, potentially, therapeutics. This literature review provides an overview of the endocytic pathway, endolysosome formation, and the interplay between endosomal/lysosomal biogenesis and carcinogenesis.
内体和溶酶体是真核细胞正常功能所必需的膜结合细胞器。内体的主要功能与将细胞外物质运输到细胞内结构域有关。另一方面，溶酶体主要参与大分子的降解。内体和溶酶体通过两种不同的途径相互作用：kiss-and-run 和直接融合。除了颗粒的内化，内体在细胞信号转导和自噬中也起着重要作用。这些过程中的任何一个中断都可能导致癌症的发展。溶酶体蛋白，如组织蛋白酶，可以在肿瘤发生和癌细胞凋亡中发挥作用。由于内体和溶酶体的生物发生和信号转导是正常细胞生长和增殖的重要组成部分，因此参与这些过程的蛋白质是癌症研究和潜在治疗的有吸引力的靶点。本文综述了内吞途径、内溶酶体形成以及内体/溶酶体生物发生与致癌作用之间的相互作用。
