UNESP - São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP ZIP Code 14801-903, Brazil.
UNESP - São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry - Department of Restorative Dentistry, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Int J Pharm. 2021 Jan 5;592:120078. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120078. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
The oral cavity is colonized by several species of microorganisms that can cause dental caries, periodontal diseases, candidiasis, endodontic infections, and, among other diseases related to the dental field. Conventional treatment consists of mechanical removal associated with systemic administration of antimicrobials, which can cause various side effects and microbial resistance. In this context, alternative therapies have been developed, including Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). For the improvement of therapy, the implementation of nanotechnology is very important to optimize the delivery system of the dyes or photosensitizers on biological targets. Besides, this combination provides a non-invasive treatment, better solubility and bioavailability, delivery to the target site, controlled release and protection against external and physical-chemical factors, low side effects, and, unlikely resistant species. Although, there are numerous researches on aPDT and nanotechnology, few review articles based on the combination of these three aspects: nanosystems, aPDT and oral infections are available. For this reason, this article aims to discuss the advances and advantages of this combination. Therefore, this article was divided into different types of nanosystems (organic and inorganic nanoparticles) associated with aPDT bringing a description of it is definitions, properties, and, applications in oral infections.
口腔被多种微生物定植，这些微生物可导致龋齿、牙周病、念珠菌病、牙髓感染等，以及与口腔领域相关的其他疾病。常规治疗包括机械去除与全身应用抗菌药物联合，这可能导致各种副作用和微生物耐药性。在这种情况下，已经开发了替代疗法，包括抗菌光动力疗法（aPDT）。为了改善治疗效果，纳米技术的实施对于优化染料或光敏剂在生物靶标上的输送系统非常重要。此外，这种组合提供了一种非侵入性治疗方法，具有更好的溶解度和生物利用度、靶向部位的递送、控制释放以及对外部和理化因素的保护作用，副作用低，且不易产生耐药性。尽管有许多关于 aPDT 和纳米技术的研究，但基于这三个方面（纳米系统、aPDT 和口腔感染）相结合的综述文章却很少。出于这个原因，本文旨在讨论这种组合的进展和优势。因此，本文分为不同类型的纳米系统（有机和无机纳米颗粒）与 aPDT 相关，对其定义、性质以及在口腔感染中的应用进行了描述。
