Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Plant Cell Environ. 2021 Mar;44(3):645-664. doi: 10.1111/pce.13948. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
光是植物的重要能量来源和发育信号，但它也会给植物带来压力，并调节植物对压力的反应。过量和波动的光会导致光合作用系统 II 和 I 周围的光抑制和活性氧（ROS）积累。紫外线会对 DNA 造成光损伤，延长光照时间会引发光周期应激综合征。光质、光量和光照时间的变化也是影响各种非生物和生物胁迫结果的关键因素。短日照或阴凉的环境会增强耐热性并促进植物的冷驯化。同样，阴凉条件也会提高植物对干旱胁迫的耐受性。此外，光照环境还会影响植物对生物入侵者（如病原体或昆虫食草动物）的反应，通常会减少生长-防御权衡。了解植物如何利用光信息来调节应激反应，将有助于支持培育策略来增强作物的抗应激能力。本综述总结了光作为胁迫因子的作用，以及光照环境对非生物和生物胁迫反应的影响。特别关注了不同光受体的作用以及光信号和应激反应途径之间的串扰。
