Chihara G, Hamuro J, Maeda Y Y, Shiio T, Suga T, Takasuka N, Sasaki T
National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Cancer Detect Prev Suppl. 1987;1:423-43.
The antitumor and metastasis-inhibitory activities, mode of action, and clinical application of lentinan, a strictly purified beta-1,6:beta-1,3-glucan, are reviewed. Lentinan exerts a prominent antitumor effect and prevents chemical and viral oncogenesis. The antitumor action of lentinan is host-mediated. Compared to other well-known immunostimulants, such as bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), Corynebacterium parvum, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lentinan appears to represent a unique class of immunopotentiator, a T cell-oriented adjuvant. Lentinan triggers the increased production of various kinds of bioactive serum factors associated with immunity and inflammation, such as IL-1, CSF, IL-3, vascular dilation inducer, and acute-phase protein inducer, by the direct impact of macrophages or indirectly via lentinan-stimulated T cells, which results in the induction of many immunobiological changes in the host. Augmented IL-1 production amplifies the maturation of immature effector cells to mature cells capable of responding to lymphokines such as IL-2 and T cell-replacing factors. Because of this mode of action, intact T cell compartments for antitumor activity of lentinan are required. Lentinan has little toxic side effects. Excellent results were obtained in a 4 year follow-up of the randomized control study of lentinan in phase III on patients with advanced and recurrent stomach and colorectal cancer.
本文综述了香菇多糖（一种经过严格纯化的β-1,6:β-1,3-葡聚糖）的抗肿瘤和抑制转移活性、作用方式及临床应用。香菇多糖具有显著的抗肿瘤作用，并能预防化学及病毒致癌作用。香菇多糖的抗肿瘤作用是由宿主介导的。与其他知名免疫刺激剂，如卡介苗（BCG）、短小棒状杆菌和脂多糖（LPS）相比，香菇多糖似乎代表了一类独特的免疫增强剂，一种以T细胞为导向的佐剂。香菇多糖通过巨噬细胞的直接作用或间接通过香菇多糖刺激的T细胞，引发与免疫和炎症相关的各种生物活性血清因子的产生增加，如白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、集落刺激因子（CSF）、白细胞介素-3、血管扩张诱导剂和急性期蛋白诱导剂，这导致宿主发生许多免疫生物学变化。IL-1产生的增加会使未成熟效应细胞成熟为能够对白细胞介素-2和T细胞替代因子等淋巴因子作出反应的成熟细胞。由于这种作用方式，香菇多糖抗肿瘤活性需要完整的T细胞区室。香菇多糖几乎没有毒副作用。在一项针对晚期和复发性胃癌及结直肠癌患者的香菇多糖III期随机对照研究的4年随访中取得了优异结果。
