Yuan Jiajin, Li Lingjing, Tian Yu
Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
Research Center for Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Physiol. 2020 Oct 22;11:537778. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.537778. eCollection 2020.
Anxiety has been found to lengthen time perception, especially the time perception of negative stimuli. This anxiety-related time overestimation is thought to be mainly associated with massively increased arousal. Suppression, which can be achieved either deliberately or automatically, has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing arousal. Consequently, the present study explored the effectiveness of both deliberate suppression (Experiment 1) and automatic suppression (Experiment 2) in reducing the time distortion in anxiety. A temporal bisection task (TBT), featuring negative and neutral pictures, was used to measure time perception, while the self-reported arousal was used to assess arousal. The deliberate suppression was manipulated by asking participants to suppress their emotional expressions; while automatic suppression was manipulated through a sentence-unscrambling task featuring suppression-related words, which can unconsciously prime suppression. The results of Experiment 1 showed that deliberate suppression did not reduce the anxiety-related time overestimation and arousal. However, Experiment 2 showed that automatic suppression significantly reduced the anxiety-related time overestimation, with significant arousal reduction being observed. In conclusion, automatic suppression, but not deliberate suppression, is effective for reducing the effect of anxiety on time perception.
研究发现，焦虑会延长时间感知，尤其是对负面刺激的时间感知。这种与焦虑相关的时间高估被认为主要与觉醒大幅增加有关。抑制，无论是有意还是自动实现，都已被证明能有效降低觉醒。因此，本研究探讨了有意抑制（实验1）和自动抑制（实验2）在减少焦虑中时间扭曲方面的有效性。采用一个以负面和中性图片为特色的时间二分任务（TBT）来测量时间感知，同时使用自我报告的觉醒程度来评估觉醒。有意抑制通过要求参与者抑制他们的情绪表达来操纵；而自动抑制则通过一个以与抑制相关的单词为特色的句子重组任务来操纵，该任务可以无意识地启动抑制。实验1的结果表明，有意抑制并没有减少与焦虑相关的时间高估和觉醒。然而，实验2表明，自动抑制显著减少了与焦虑相关的时间高估，同时观察到觉醒程度显著降低。总之，自动抑制而非有意抑制，对于减少焦虑对时间感知的影响是有效的。
