Eckardt Nils, Roden Ingo, Grube Dietmar, Schorer Jörg
Department of Sport and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Department for Exercise & Health, Institute of Sport Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 28;11:574847. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574847. eCollection 2020.
Sensorimotor control simultaneously engages multiple cognitive processes, like decision making, intention, processing, and the integration of multisensory signals. The reciprocal relationship of cognition and sensorimotor learning is well documented. However, little is known if the status of cognitive skills relates to immediate sensorimotor performance of performing a novel skill. Thus, we aim to explore whether cognitive skills in general and executive functions (EFs) in particular may relate to novel sensorimotor performance and adaptive skills. Therefore, 23 male participants engaged in a novel driving simulation for 2 days. On the first day, they accustomed to the F1 simulation until meeting a preset threshold (adaption). On the second day, they aimed to drive as fast as possible (performance). In addition, we measured EFs and global cognition. We found meaningful relationships between response inhibition (Stroop Color and Word Test), the driving performance ( = 0.48, = 0.013), and the adaptive ability ( = 0.34, = 0.012). All other tests of executive functioning and global cognition remained non-significant. Our results illustrate an association of driving performance and adaptive abilities and the EF selective attention/inhibition in a novel F1 simulation. Given the novelty of the task, the ability to adjust sensorimotor behavior to keep the car on the track seems to be the primary necessary skill to navigate the lap and achieve fast times.
感觉运动控制同时涉及多个认知过程，如决策、意图、处理以及多感官信号的整合。认知与感觉运动学习之间的相互关系已有充分记录。然而，认知技能的状态是否与执行新技能时的即时感觉运动表现相关，目前所知甚少。因此，我们旨在探讨一般认知技能，特别是执行功能（EFs）是否可能与新的感觉运动表现和适应技能相关。为此，23名男性参与者进行了为期2天的新型驾驶模拟。第一天，他们适应F1模拟，直到达到预设阈值（适应阶段）。第二天，他们的目标是尽可能快地驾驶（表现阶段）。此外，我们测量了执行功能和整体认知。我们发现反应抑制（斯特鲁普颜色和文字测验）与驾驶表现（r = 0.48，p = 0.013）以及适应能力（r = 0.34，p = 0.012）之间存在有意义的关系。所有其他执行功能和整体认知测试均无显著意义。我们的结果表明，在新型F1模拟中，驾驶表现和适应能力与执行功能的选择性注意/抑制之间存在关联。鉴于任务的新颖性，调整感觉运动行为以使汽车保持在赛道上的能力似乎是完成一圈并取得快速成绩的首要必备技能。
