van Leeuwen Peter M, de Groot Stefan, Happee Riender, de Winter Joost C F
Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Mekelweg 2, CD Delft, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 9;12(11):e0186871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186871. eCollection 2017.
Motorsport has developed into a professional international competition. However, limited research is available on the perceptual and cognitive skills of racing drivers. By means of a racing simulator, we compared the driving performance of seven racing drivers with ten non-racing drivers. Participants were tasked to drive the fastest possible lap time. Additionally, both groups completed a choice reaction time task and a tracking task. Results from the simulator showed faster lap times, higher steering activity, and a more optimal racing line for the racing drivers than for the non-racing drivers. The non-racing drivers' gaze behavior corresponded to the tangent point model, whereas racing drivers showed a more variable gaze behavior combined with larger head rotations while cornering. Results from the choice reaction time task and tracking task showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Our results are consistent with the current consensus in sports sciences in that task-specific differences exist between experts and novices while there are no major differences in general cognitive and motor abilities.
赛车运动已发展成为一项专业的国际赛事。然而，关于赛车手感知和认知技能的研究却很有限。通过赛车模拟器，我们比较了7名赛车手和10名非赛车手的驾驶表现。参与者的任务是尽可能快地完成一圈驾驶。此外，两组人员都完成了选择反应时间任务和跟踪任务。模拟器的结果显示，与非赛车手相比，赛车手的单圈用时更短、转向活动更多，并且赛车线路更优。非赛车手的注视行为符合切点模型，而赛车手在过弯时表现出更具变化性的注视行为，同时头部转动幅度更大。选择反应时间任务和跟踪任务的结果显示，两组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。我们的结果与体育科学领域目前的共识一致，即专家和新手在特定任务上存在差异，而在一般认知和运动能力方面没有重大差异。
