Lappi Otto
Cognitive Science & Traffic Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Nov 24;9:635. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00635. eCollection 2015.
A fundamental question in human brain plasticity is how sensory, motor, and cognitive functions adapt in the process of skill acquisition extended over a period of many years. Recently, there has emerged a growing interest in cognitive neuroscience on studying the functional and structural differences in the brains of elite athletes. Elite performance in sports, music, or the arts, allows us to observe sensorimotor and cognitive performance at the limits of human capability. In this mini-review, we look at driving expertise. The emerging brain imaging literature on the neural substrates of real and simulated driving is reviewed (for the first time), and used as the context for interpreting recent findings on the differences between racing drivers and non-athlete controls. Also the cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience of expertise are discussed.
人类大脑可塑性的一个基本问题是，感觉、运动和认知功能如何在长达数年的技能习得过程中发生适应性变化。最近，认知神经科学领域对研究精英运动员大脑的功能和结构差异的兴趣日益浓厚。在体育、音乐或艺术领域的卓越表现，使我们能够观察到人类能力极限下的感觉运动和认知表现。在这篇小型综述中，我们探讨驾驶专长。首次对有关真实驾驶和模拟驾驶神经基础的新兴脑成像文献进行了综述，并以此为背景来解读最近关于赛车手与非运动员对照组之间差异的研究结果。同时，还讨论了专长的认知心理学和认知神经科学。
