Possible candidate population for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with advanced ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE

To examine trends and outcomes related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) use for advanced ovarian cancer based on patient and tumor factors.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study queried the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to examine women with stage III-IV high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma from 2010 to 2016. Propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to assess the age-, cancer stage-, and tumor extent-specific survival estimates related to NACT use.

RESULTS

Utilization of NACT has significantly increased in older women (≥65 years; 48.4% relative increase), followed by stage IV disease (35.2% relative increase), and stage III disease (25.0% relative increase) (all, P-trend < 0.05). Women who received NACT had overall survival (OS) similar to those who had primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) in older women (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.20, P = 0.284), stage IV disease (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.84-1.10, P = 0.564), and more disease extent cases (T3/N1/M1, HR 1.06, 95%CI 0.84-1.32, P = 0.640). Moreover, NACT use was associated with decreased other cause mortality risk compared to PCS in the older women (sub-distribution HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.40-0.94, P = 0.025) and stage IV disease (sub-distribution HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.27-0.90, P = 0.021). In contrast, women who received NACT had decreased OS compared to those who had PCS in the younger group (HR 1.22, 95%CI 1.07-1.38, P = 0.004), stage III disease (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.13-1.41, P < 0.001), and lesser disease extent cases (T3/N0/M0, HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.20-1.58, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that survival effect of NACT for advanced ovarian cancer may differ based on patient and tumor factors. In older women, stage IV disease, and greater disease extent, NACT was associated with similar OS compared to PCS.