Basch C E
Department of Health Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Health Educ Q. 1987 Winter;14(4):411-48. doi: 10.1177/109019818701400404.
The purpose of this article is to increase awareness about and stimulate interest in using focus group interviews, a qualitative research technique, to advance the state-of-the-art of education and learning about health. After a brief discussion of small group process in health education, features of focus group interviews are presented, and a theoretical framework for planning a focus group study is summarized. Then, literature describing traditional and health-related applications of focus group interviews is reviewed and a synthesis of methodological limitations and advantages of this technique is presented. Implications are discussed regarding: need for more inductive qualitative research in health education; utility of focus group interviews for research and for formative and summative evaluation of health education programs; applicability of marketing research to understanding and influencing consumer behavior, despite notable distinctions between educational initiatives and marketing; and need for professional preparation faculty to consider increasing emphasis on qualitative research methods.
本文的目的是提高对焦点小组访谈（一种定性研究技术）的认识，并激发对其的兴趣，以推动健康教育与学习领域的技术发展。在简要讨论健康教育中的小组过程之后，介绍了焦点小组访谈的特点，并总结了规划焦点小组研究的理论框架。然后，回顾了描述焦点小组访谈在传统领域和与健康相关领域应用的文献，并对该技术的方法局限性和优势进行了综合阐述。还讨论了以下几方面的影响：健康教育中对更多归纳性定性研究的需求；焦点小组访谈在健康教育项目研究、形成性评价和总结性评价中的效用；尽管教育举措与营销存在显著差异，但市场研究在理解和影响消费者行为方面的适用性；以及专业预备教师需要考虑更加强调定性研究方法。
