Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 16;10(1):19918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76940-3.
In learning and adapting movements in changing conditions, people attribute the errors they experience to a combined weighting of internal or external sources. As such, error attribution that places more weight on external sources should lead to decreased updates in our internal models for movement of the limb or estimating the position of the effector, i.e. there should be reduced implicit learning. However, measures of implicit learning are the same whether or not we induce explicit adaptation with instructions about the nature of the perturbation. Here we evoke clearly external errors by either demonstrating the rotation on every trial, or showing the hand itself throughout training. Implicit reach aftereffects persist, but are reduced in both groups. Only for the group viewing the hand, changes in hand position estimates suggest that predicted sensory consequences are not updated, but only rely on recalibrated proprioception. Our results show that estimating the position of the hand incorporates source attribution during motor learning, but recalibrated proprioception is an implicit process unaffected by external error attribution.
在学习和适应变化条件下的运动时，人们将自己经历的错误归因于内部或外部因素的综合权重。因此，将更多权重归因于外部来源的错误归因应该会减少我们对肢体运动或估计效应器位置的内部模型的更新，即应该会减少隐性学习。然而，无论我们是否通过有关扰动性质的说明来诱导显式适应，隐性学习的测量结果都是相同的。在这里，我们通过在每次试验中演示旋转，或者在整个训练过程中显示手本身，来明确地引起外部错误。隐性的伸手后效仍然存在，但在两组中都有所减少。只有在观看手的组中，对手的位置估计的变化表明，预测的感觉后果没有更新，而只是依赖于重新校准的本体感觉。我们的结果表明，在手的位置估计中，在运动学习期间包含了源归因，但重新校准的本体感觉是一种不受外部错误归因影响的隐性过程。
