Renal denervation: where do we stand and what is the relevance to the nephrologist?

Catheter-based renal denervation to reduce high blood pressure (BP) has received well-deserved attention after a recent series of sham-controlled trials reported significant antihypertensive efficacy and very favourable tolerability and safety of the intervention. This emerging treatment option is of high relevance to nephrologists. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at elevated risk of cardiovascular adverse events and often present with hypertension, which is very difficult to control with medication. Renal denervation promises a new tool to reduce BP and to prevent loss of renal function in this population. The current review considers the role of the kidney and neurohormonal activation in the development of hypertension and the rationale for renal denervation. The current state of the evidence for the effectiveness and tolerability of the procedure is considered from the nephrologists' perspective, with a focus on the potential future role of renal denervation in the management of CKD patients with hypertension.