Mailey Emily L, Gasper Rebecca, Dlugonski Deirdre, Besenyi Gina M
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, KS, Manhattan, USA.
Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2021 Aug;28(4):499-510. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09939-9. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Regular participation in strength training significantly enhances older adults' physical and functional health, yet only 14% of adults over age 50 report engaging in strength training at least twice per week. Exercise messages about why and how older adults should engage in strength training could influence their perceptions of and participation in the behavior. This study was designed to promote strength training among adults aged 50-70 and to determine whether the message frame accompanying a brief workout would have an impact on participants' motivation, self-efficacy, and/or physical activity behavior.
Participants (N = 308) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions: Easy Intrinsic, Hard Intrinsic, Easy Extrinsic, or Hard Extrinsic. Immediately after completing baseline measures of motivation and physical activity, participants received the recommended strength training workout and corresponding motivational message. They completed follow-up measures of motivation and physical activity 2 weeks later.
Controlled regulation was higher at follow-up among participants exposed to an extrinsic message relative to an intrinsic message (F(3,208) = 3.08, p = .03). Strength training (Z = - 5.95, p < .001) and moderate physical activity (Z = - 3.23, p = .001) increased among participants not engaging in regular strength training at baseline.
These results suggest message framing may have a short-term impact on Baby Boomers' physical activity motivation, such that emphasizing extrinsic goals (i.e., weight loss and appearance) may contribute to controlled motivation. However, repeated measurements are needed to determine the longer-term maintenance and influence of these effects.
经常参加力量训练能显著改善老年人的身体健康和功能健康，但50岁以上的成年人中只有14%的人表示每周至少进行两次力量训练。关于老年人为何以及如何进行力量训练的运动信息可能会影响他们对该行为的认知和参与度。本研究旨在促进50至70岁成年人的力量训练，并确定简短锻炼所附带的信息框架是否会对参与者的动机、自我效能和/或身体活动行为产生影响。
参与者（N = 308）被随机分配到四种信息条件之一：轻松内在型、困难内在型、轻松外在型或困难外在型。在完成动机和身体活动的基线测量后，参与者立即接受推荐的力量训练锻炼及相应的激励信息。两周后，他们完成了动机和身体活动的后续测量。
与内在信息相比，接触外在信息的参与者在随访时的受控调节更高（F(3,208) = 3.08，p = .03）。在基线时未进行常规力量训练的参与者中，力量训练（Z = -5.95，p < .001）和适度身体活动（Z = -3.23，p = .001）有所增加。
这些结果表明，信息框架可能对婴儿潮一代的身体活动动机有短期影响，即强调外在目标（如减肥和外表）可能有助于产生受控动机。然而，需要进行重复测量来确定这些影响的长期维持情况和影响程度。
