Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Epitome Consulting, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2020 Nov;67 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):6-21. doi: 10.1111/zph.12760.
Data on antimicrobial use were collected for the 2016 and 2017 calendar years from swine producers in the United States. Nine large systems, collectively producing over 20 million market pigs annually, voluntarily provided data to advance understanding of antimicrobial use in the industry and to support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. The scope of the study was limited to growing pigs, and the granularity of data varied across the systems. Data were summarized both qualitatively and quantitatively by antimicrobial class, active ingredient and route of administration (injection, water and feed). Data on the purpose of administration, doses and durations of administration were not available, but some information was provided by the responsible veterinarians. Aggregate data were similar both qualitatively and quantitatively in 2016 and 2017, although marked changes between years were evident within systems for some antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use (by weight) was dominated by the tetracycline class (approximately 60% of total use). Antimicrobials in classes categorized as critically important constituted 4.5% and 5.3% of total use in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In both years, fluoroquinolone (0.23%, 0.46%) and 3rd generation cephalosporin (0.15%, 0.11%) use collectively accounted for <1% of total use. Administration was predominantly oral in feed and water, and injection comprised approximately 2% of use overall, but around 12% for critically important antimicrobials. There was considerable variability among systems in patterns of antimicrobial use. This pilot project demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring antimicrobial use data via voluntary sharing. It is currently being expanded among larger swine production systems, and further efforts to enable confidential data sharing and benchmarking for smaller producers are being pursued by the swine industry. Recognized biases in the data caution against over-interpretation of these data as an index of national use.
数据关于抗菌药物的使用情况从美国的养猪生产者收集了 2016 年和 2017 年的日历年。九个大型系统，每年总共生产超过 2000 万头市场猪，自愿提供数据，以提高对行业中抗菌药物使用的认识，并支持抗菌药物管理计划。研究的范围仅限于生长猪，并且数据在系统之间的粒度有所不同。数据按抗菌药物类别、活性成分和给药途径（注射、水和饲料）进行定性和定量总结。关于给药目的、剂量和给药持续时间的数据不可用，但一些信息由负责的兽医提供。2016 年和 2017 年的汇总数据在定性和定量上都相似，尽管一些系统中某些抗菌药物的年度变化明显。抗菌药物的使用（按重量计）主要由四环素类药物（约占总使用量的 60%）主导。被归类为至关重要的类别的抗菌药物在 2016 年和 2017 年分别占总使用量的 4.5%和 5.3%。在这两年中，氟喹诺酮（0.23%，0.46%）和第三代头孢菌素（0.15%，0.11%）的使用合计占总使用量的<1%。给药主要是口服饲料和水，注射约占总使用量的 2%，但对于至关重要的抗菌药物约占 12%。在抗菌药物使用模式方面，各系统之间存在很大差异。该试点项目展示了通过自愿共享获取抗菌药物使用数据的可行性。目前正在更大的养猪生产系统中进行扩展，并且养猪业正在努力实现对小型生产者的保密数据共享和基准测试。数据中存在公认的偏差，这告诫人们不要过度解释这些数据作为国家使用的指标。
