Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 11;21(6):1914. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061914.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most important human- and animal health-threatening issues worldwide. Bacterial capability to face antimicrobial compounds is an ancient feature, enabling bacterial survival over time and the dynamic surrounding. Moreover, bacteria make use of their evolutionary machinery to adapt to the selective pressure exerted by antibiotic treatments, resulting in reduced efficacy of the therapeutic intervention against human and animal infections. The mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR are thoroughly investigated. Commonly, AMR traits are included in mobilizable genetic elements enabling the homogeneous diffusion of the AMR traits pool between the ecosystems of diverse sectors, such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, and the environment. Thus, a coordinated multisectoral approach, such as One-Health, provides a detailed comprehensive picture of the AMR onset and diffusion. Following a general revision of the molecular mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR, the present manuscript focuses on reviewing the contribution of veterinary medicine to the overall issue of AMR. The main sources of AMR amenable to veterinary medicine are described, driving the attention towards the indissoluble cross-talk existing between the diverse ecosystems and sectors and their cumulative cooperation to this warning phenomenon.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是全球人类和动物健康面临的最重要威胁之一。细菌能够对抗抗菌化合物是一种古老的特征，使细菌能够随着时间的推移和周围环境的变化而生存。此外，细菌利用其进化机制来适应抗生素治疗施加的选择压力，从而降低了针对人类和动物感染的治疗干预的效果。人们对先天和获得性 AMR 的机制进行了深入研究。通常，AMR 特征包含在可移动的遗传元件中，使 AMR 特征池能够在人类医学、兽医学和环境等不同领域的生态系统之间均匀扩散。因此，协调多部门的方法，如“同一健康”，提供了对抗微生物药物耐药性发生和扩散的详细综合描述。在对先天和获得性 AMR 的分子机制进行了全面审查后，本文重点回顾了兽医在 AMR 整体问题中的贡献。描述了 AMR 的主要来源，使人们关注不同生态系统和部门之间不可分割的交叉对话及其对这一警告现象的累积合作。
