Silva Renan Gonçalves da, Alves Rita de Cássia, Zingaretti Sonia Marli
School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
Semi-Arid National Institute (INSA), Crop Production Center, Campina Grande, 58434-700 Paraíba, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;9(11):1567. doi: 10.3390/plants9111567.
Climate change not only worries government representatives and organizations, but also attracts the attention of the scientific community in different contexts. In agriculture specifically, the cultivation and productivity of crops such as sugarcane, maize, and sorghum are influenced by several environmental factors. The effects of high atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO]) have been the subject of research investigating the growth and development of C plants. Therefore, this brief review presents some of the physiological and genetic changes in economically important C plants following exposure periods of increased [CO] levels. In the short term, with high [CO], C plants change photosynthetic metabolism and carbohydrate production. The photosynthetic apparatus is initially improved, and some responses, such as stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, are normally maintained throughout the exposure. Protein-encoding genes related to photosynthesis, such as the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, to sucrose accumulation and to biomass growth and are differentially regulated by [CO] increase and can variably participate owing to the C species and/or other internal and external factors interfering in plant development. Despite the consensus among some studies, mainly on physiological changes, further studies are still necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms modulated under this condition. In addition, considering future scenarios, the combined effects of high environmental and [CO] stresses need to be investigated so that the responses of maize, sugarcane, and sorghum are better understood.
气候变化不仅令政府代表和组织忧心，在不同背景下也吸引了科学界的关注。具体到农业领域，甘蔗、玉米和高粱等作物的种植与生产力受多种环境因素影响。大气中高浓度二氧化碳（[CO]）的影响一直是研究C植物生长发育的课题。因此，本简要综述介绍了经济上重要的C植物在暴露于升高的[CO]水平一段时间后的一些生理和遗传变化。短期内，在高[CO]条件下，C植物会改变光合代谢和碳水化合物生产。光合机构最初会得到改善，并且在整个暴露过程中一些反应，如气孔导度和蒸腾速率，通常会维持。与光合作用相关的蛋白质编码基因，如磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、蔗糖积累以及生物量生长相关的基因，会因[CO]升高而受到不同调节，并且由于C物种和/或其他干扰植物发育的内部和外部因素，其参与程度可能有所不同。尽管一些研究（主要是关于生理变化）达成了共识，但仍需要进一步研究来确定在此条件下调控的分子机制。此外，考虑到未来的情况，需要研究高环境压力和[CO]压力的综合影响，以便更好地了解玉米、甘蔗和高粱的反应。
