United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2020 Jan;22 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):5-11. doi: 10.1111/plb.12973. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
Human activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO ), which is the substrate for photosynthesis, and ozone (O ), a damaging oxidant. How plants respond to changes in these atmospheric air pollutants, both directly and indirectly, feeds back on atmospheric composition and climate, global net primary productivity and ecosystem service provisioning. Here we discuss the past, current and future trends in emissions of CO and O and synthesise the current atmospheric CO and O budgets, describing the important role of vegetation in determining the atmospheric burden of those pollutants. While increased atmospheric CO concentration over the past 150 years has been accompanied by greater CO assimilation and storage in terrestrial ecosystems, there is evidence that rising temperatures and increased drought stress may limit the ability of future terrestrial ecosystems to buffer against atmospheric emissions. Long-term Free Air CO or O Enrichment (FACE) experiments provide critical experimentation about the effects of future CO and O on ecosystems, and highlight the important interactive effects of temperature, nutrients and water supply in determining ecosystem responses to air pollution. Long-term experimentation in both natural and cropping systems is needed to provide critical empirical data for modelling the effects of air pollutants on plant productivity in the decades to come.
人类活动导致大量污染物排放到大气中。其中一些污染物直接对植物产生影响，包括二氧化碳（CO），它是光合作用的底物，以及臭氧（O），一种破坏性的氧化剂。植物如何直接和间接地对这些大气空气污染物的变化做出反应，会对大气成分和气候、全球净初级生产力和生态系统服务供应产生反馈。在这里，我们讨论了过去、现在和未来 CO 和 O 排放的趋势，并综合了当前大气 CO 和 O 的预算，描述了植被在确定这些污染物大气负荷方面的重要作用。虽然在过去 150 年中，大气中 CO 浓度的增加伴随着陆地生态系统中 CO 同化和储存的增加，但有证据表明，气温升高和干旱加剧可能限制未来陆地生态系统缓冲大气排放的能力。长期的自由空气 CO 或 O 富集（FACE）实验提供了关于未来 CO 和 O 对生态系统影响的关键实验，突出了温度、养分和供水在确定生态系统对空气污染反应方面的重要交互作用。需要在自然和作物系统中进行长期实验，为未来几十年模拟空气污染物对植物生产力的影响提供关键的经验数据。
