Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Trends Cancer. 2021 Mar;7(3):240-248. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.006. Epub 2020 Nov 14.
DNA damage can lead to carcinogenic mutations and toxicity that promotes diseases. Therefore, having rapid assays to quantify DNA damage, DNA repair, mutations, and cytotoxicity is broadly relevant to health. For example, DNA damage assays can be used to screen chemicals for genotoxicity, and knowledge about DNA repair capacity has applications in precision prevention and in personalized medicine. Furthermore, knowledge of mutation frequency has predictive power for downstream cancer, and assays for cytotoxicity can predict deleterious health effects. Tests for all of these purposes have been rendered faster and more effective via adoption of fluorescent readouts. Here, we provide an overview of established and emerging cell-based assays that exploit fluorescence for studies of DNA damage and its consequences.
DNA 损伤可导致致癌突变和毒性，从而促进疾病的发生。因此，拥有快速检测方法来定量 DNA 损伤、DNA 修复、突变和细胞毒性与健康息息相关。例如，DNA 损伤检测可用于筛选具有遗传毒性的化学物质，而对 DNA 修复能力的了解则可应用于精准预防和个性化医疗。此外，突变频率的知识对下游癌症具有预测能力，而细胞毒性检测可预测有害的健康影响。通过采用荧光读数，所有这些目的的检测都变得更快、更有效。在这里，我们提供了一个利用荧光研究 DNA 损伤及其后果的已建立和新兴的基于细胞的检测方法概述。
