Janakiram Chandrashekar, Mehta Abhishek, Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kochi, 682041, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020 Oct-Dec;10(4):800-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.10.016. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
We designed this systematic review of the available literature to measure the pooled prevalence of periodontal disease among Indian adults.
An electronic search was conducted for studies assessing the prevalence of periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) in India. The search yielded forty studies, of which thirty eligible cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence among those 18 years and above were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Meta-analyses were conducted for periodontitis outcomes, stratified for different covariates like age groups, gender, geographic region, population group, type of index and study quality. Pooled prevalence was used to estimate overall effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
A total of 92,219 adults participated in 30 studies included for qualitative analysis. Studies utilizing convenience sampling were excluded from quantitative analysis. Pooled prevalence estimates of periodontitis and gingivitis were assessed on from 24 to 21 studies respectively. We found that overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 51% (CI: 41.9-60.1) and gingivitis was 46.6% (CI: 37.8-55.5). Prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis was 26.2% (CI: 21.1-31.6), while for severe periodontitis it was 19% (CI: 14.3-24.2). Participants 65 years or above had highest proportion of severe periodontitis (32.7%, CI: 23.7-42.5). Urban population showed the highest prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis 22.7% (CI: 17.3-28.5). Females had lower prevalence (34.4%) of the periodontitis than males (42.2%). The methodological heterogeneity of included studies was low.
Half of Indian adults suffer from some form of periodontal disease. There is need to adopt uniform and accurate measurement tools for recording periodontal condition.
我们设计了这项对现有文献的系统评价，以衡量印度成年人牙周病的合并患病率。
对评估印度牙周病（牙龈炎和牙周炎）患病率的研究进行了电子检索。检索得到40项研究，其中纳入了30项符合条件的横断面研究，评估18岁及以上人群的患病率。对纳入研究的方法学质量进行了评估。对牙周炎结局进行了荟萃分析，并按年龄组、性别、地理区域、人群组、指数类型和研究质量等不同协变量进行分层。合并患病率用于估计总体效应，并给出95%置信区间（CI）。
共有92219名成年人参与了纳入定性分析的30项研究。采用便利抽样的研究被排除在定量分析之外。分别从24项到21项研究中评估了牙周炎和牙龈炎的合并患病率估计值。我们发现，牙周病的总体患病率为51%（CI：41.9 - 60.1），牙龈炎为46.6%（CI：37.8 - 55.5）。轻度至中度牙周炎的患病率为26.2%（CI：21.1 - 31.6），而重度牙周炎为19%（CI：14.3 - 24.2）。65岁及以上的参与者中重度牙周炎的比例最高（32.7%，CI：23.7 - 42.5）。城市人群中轻度至中度牙周炎的患病率最高，为22.7%（CI：17.3 - 28.5）。女性牙周炎的患病率（34.4%）低于男性（42.2%）。纳入研究的方法学异质性较低。
一半的印度成年人患有某种形式的牙周病。需要采用统一且准确的测量工具来记录牙周状况。
