病例报告和系统评价表明，儿童在临床感染 COVID-19 后可能会经历与成年人相似的长期影响。
Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19.
机构信息
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Paediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden.
出版信息
Acta Paediatr. 2021 Mar;110(3):914-921. doi: 10.1111/apa.15673. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
AIM
Persistent symptoms in adults after COVID-19 are emerging and the term long COVID is increasingly appearing in the literature. However, paediatric data are scarce.
METHODS
This paper contains a case report of five Swedish children and the long-term symptoms reported by their parents. It also includes a systematic literature review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases and the medRxiv/bioRxiv pre-print servers up to 2 November 2020.
RESULTS
The five children with potential long COVID had a median age of 12 years (range 9-15) and four were girls. They had symptoms for 6-8 months after their clinical diagnoses of COVID-19. None were hospitalised at diagnosis, but one was later admitted for peri-myocarditis. All five children had fatigue, dyspnoea, heart palpitations or chest pain, and four had headaches, difficulties concentrating, muscle weakness, dizziness and sore throats. Some had improved after 6-8 months, but they all suffered from fatigue and none had fully returned to school. The systematic review identified 179 publications and 19 of these were deemed relevant and read in detail. None contained any information on long COVID in children.
CONCLUSION
Children may experience similar long COVID symptoms to adults and females may be more affected.
目的
新冠病毒（COVID-19）后成年人持续存在的症状正在出现，“长新冠”一词在文献中越来越多地出现。然而，儿科数据却很少。
方法
本文包含了五名瑞典儿童的病例报告，以及他们的父母所报告的长期症状。它还包括对 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 数据库以及 medRxiv/bioRxiv 预印本服务器的系统文献综述，检索时间截至 2020 年 11 月 2 日。
结果
五名有潜在长新冠的儿童的中位年龄为 12 岁（范围 9-15 岁），其中 4 名女孩。他们在临床诊断为 COVID-19 后出现症状持续了 6-8 个月。他们在诊断时均未住院，但其中 1 人后来因心肌炎住院。五名儿童均有疲劳、呼吸困难、心悸或胸痛，其中 4 人有头痛、注意力不集中、肌肉无力、头晕和喉咙痛。一些人在 6-8 个月后有所改善，但他们都有疲劳感，而且都没有完全返校。系统综述共确定了 179 篇出版物，其中 19 篇被认为是相关的，并进行了详细阅读。这些出版物都没有包含关于儿童长新冠的信息。
结论
儿童可能会出现与成年人相似的长新冠症状，而女性可能受到的影响更大。
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