Consultant, Naples, Florida.
Director, North American Office and United Nations Representative, FIA Foundation, London, UK.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(1):13-19. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1836367. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Crashes involving drinking drivers represent as much as one-third of all fatal crashes around the world. Progress has been made in reducing this toll through a series of interventions that attempt to discourage driving while intoxicated (DWI) and reoffending among drivers who have been convicted of DWI. However, these approaches cannot eliminate the problem. In-vehicle technologies are being developed, such as the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety-commonly referred to as DADSS-that have the potential to prevent alcohol-impaired drivers from driving their vehicles. DADSS in-vehicle sensors are designed to quickly detect whether drivers have been drinking and accurately and precisely measure blood or breath alcohol concentration. If the driver's alcohol concentration measures at or above a set limit, the vehicle will be prevented from moving.
The DADSS technology is expected to be ready for real-world applications in the next few years. The implementation of this technology in vehicles promises to prevent thousands of deaths and injuries every year. This paper investigates approaches that have been used in various countries to accelerate the deployment of innovative vehicle safety technologies beginning with its initial implementation in vehicles through to its more widespread use.
Various approaches were identified that can smooth and accelerate the deployment of in-vehicle alcohol detection devices. Recommendations are made regarding the most promising approaches to use initially and over time, as the body of evidence regarding their effectiveness grows.
This paper provides guidelines for how best to stimulate the widespread adoption of in-vehicle alcohol-detection technology as a preventive measure so that its life-saving potential can be realized both in the United States and in other countries that may be open to the implementation of DADSS.
在全球范围内，涉及酒后驾车的事故约占所有致命事故的三分之一。通过一系列旨在劝阻醉酒驾车（DWI）和减少已被判定犯有 DWI 罪的司机再次犯罪的干预措施，已经取得了减少这一伤亡的进展。然而，这些方法并不能完全解决问题。正在开发车载技术，例如驾驶员酒精检测系统安全（通常称为 DADSS），该技术有可能防止醉酒司机驾驶其车辆。DADSS 车载传感器旨在快速检测驾驶员是否饮酒，并准确、精确地测量血液或呼气中的酒精浓度。如果驾驶员的酒精浓度达到或超过设定的限制，车辆将被阻止移动。
预计在未来几年内，DADSS 技术将准备好应用于现实世界。该技术在车辆中的实施有望每年预防数千起死亡和伤害事故。本文研究了各国为加速创新车辆安全技术的部署而采用的方法，从该技术在车辆中的初始实施到更广泛的应用。
确定了可以使车载酒精检测设备的部署更加顺畅和加速的各种方法。随着关于其有效性的证据不断增加，就最初和随着时间的推移应采用哪些最有前途的方法提出了建议。
本文提供了有关如何最好地刺激广泛采用车载酒精检测技术作为预防措施的指南，以便在美国和其他可能愿意实施 DADSS 的国家都能实现其挽救生命的潜力。
