Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Psychogeriatrics. 2021 Jan;21(1):80-88. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12631. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
This study aimed to elucidate whether malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment in an older Chinese population.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2365 participants aged 60 years or older from January 2013 to September 2019. Nutritional status was measured by using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The relationship between malnutrition or each Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form domain and cognitive impairment was examined with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The prevalence of malnutrition, risk of malnutrition, and cognitive impairment was 5.54%, 33.45%, and 36.74%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in those 80 years and older: 7.88%, 40.75%, and 53.65%, respectively. The Mini-Mental State Examination score was positively correlated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form score (r = 0.364, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, education, marital status, and living alone, malnutrition (odds ratio (OR) = 3.927, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.650-5.819), anorexia (OR = 1.454, 95%CI: 1.192-1.774), weight loss (OR = 1.697, 95%CI: 1.406-2.047), impaired mobility (OR = 4.156, 95%CI: 3.311-5.218), and psychological stress (OR = 1.414, 95%CI: 1.070-1.869) were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
Our results suggest that the prevalence of malnutrition and cognitive impairment is relatively high and increases with age. Malnutrition, anorexia, weight loss, impaired mobility, and psychological stress are significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, clinicians should assess the nutritional and cognitive status of the elderly regularly to improve early detection and timely intervention.
本研究旨在阐明营养状况不良是否与中国老年人群的认知障碍相关。
本横断面研究于 2013 年 1 月至 2019 年 9 月期间纳入了 2365 名年龄在 60 岁及以上的参与者。采用微型营养评估简表（MNA-SF）评估营养状况。采用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）评估认知功能。采用单因素和多因素 logistic 回归分析营养状况不良或 MNA-SF 各领域与认知障碍的关系。
营养状况不良、存在营养风险和认知障碍的患病率分别为 5.54%、33.45%和 36.74%。80 岁及以上人群的患病率更高，分别为 7.88%、40.75%和 53.65%。简易精神状态检查评分与微型营养评估简表评分呈正相关（r=0.364，P<0.001）。在校正年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况和独居后，营养状况不良（比值比（OR）=3.927，95%置信区间（CI）：2.650-5.819）、厌食（OR=1.454，95%CI：1.192-1.774）、体重减轻（OR=1.697，95%CI：1.406-2.047）、活动能力受损（OR=4.156，95%CI：3.311-5.218）和心理压力（OR=1.414，95%CI：1.070-1.869）与认知障碍风险增加显著相关。
本研究结果表明，营养状况不良和认知障碍的患病率相对较高，且随年龄增长而增加。营养状况不良、厌食、体重减轻、活动能力受损和心理压力与认知障碍风险增加显著相关。因此，临床医生应定期评估老年人的营养和认知状况，以提高早期发现和及时干预的效果。
