Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Innovation Center of Nursing Research and Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 14;12:1407694. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407694. eCollection 2024.
This study aims to characterize the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment in older adults within Chinese community settings.
Research exploring the interrelation between malnutrition and cognitive impairment in the older adult community-dwelling population is scarce. The impact of nutritional status on cognitive function in aging adults has not been definitively established.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in one urban and one rural community in Chengdu, China, from October 2022 to March 2023. The sample included 706 older adults. Logistic regression was utilized to determine independent risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
The study found a significant prevalence of MCI at 32.0% among the older adult population. Among those suffering from malnutrition, 55.6% were affected by MCI. The logistic regression analysis indicated that malnutrition risk (OR = 2.192, 95% CI 1.431 to 3.357, < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 1.475, 95% CI 1.003 to 2.170, = 0.048), age (70-79 years old; OR = 2.425, 95% CI 1.611 to 3.651, < 0.001; ≥80 years old: OR = 4.773, 95% CI 2.571 to 8.859, < 0.001), male (OR = 1.584, 95% CI 1.085 to 2.313, = 0.017), middle education level (OR = 0.986, 95% CI 1.627 to 5.482, < 0.001), and ADL dependence (OR = 1.810, 95% CI 1.158 to 2.827, = 0.009) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI.
The findings indicate a widespread occurrence of MCI in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. The association between malnutrition, as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and cognitive decline is evident. Older adult individuals with nutritional risk, advancing age, rural residence, male gender, moderate education, and ADL dependency are at increased likelihood of developing MCI. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the temporal relationships between MCI, demographic factors, and whether improvements in nutritional status or ADL can reduce the incidence of MCI in this population.
本研究旨在描述中国社区环境中老年人认知障碍的流行情况及其相关因素。
探索社区中老年人营养不良与认知障碍之间相互关系的研究较少。营养状况对衰老人群认知功能的影响尚未得到明确证实。
本研究于 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 3 月在成都的一个城市社区和一个农村社区进行了一项横断面调查。样本包括 706 名老年人。采用 logistic 回归分析确定轻度认知障碍（MCI）的独立危险因素。
研究发现，老年人中 MCI 的患病率显著为 32.0%。在营养不良人群中，55.6%的人患有 MCI。logistic 回归分析表明，营养不良风险（OR=2.192，95%CI 1.431-3.357， < 0.001）、农村居住（OR=1.475，95%CI 1.003-2.170， = 0.048）、年龄（70-79 岁：OR=2.425，95%CI 1.611-3.651， < 0.001；≥80 岁：OR=4.773，95%CI 2.571-8.859， < 0.001）、男性（OR=1.584，95%CI 1.085-2.313， = 0.017）、中等教育水平（OR=0.986，95%CI 1.627-5.482， < 0.001）和 ADL 依赖（OR=1.810，95%CI 1.158-2.827， = 0.009）与 MCI 的发生显著相关。
研究结果表明，中国社区老年人中 MCI 的患病率较高。MNA-SF 评估的营养不良与认知能力下降之间存在关联。有营养风险的老年人、年龄较大、农村居住、男性、中等教育程度和 ADL 依赖的老年人发生 MCI 的可能性更高。需要进行纵向研究来阐明 MCI、人口统计学因素之间的时间关系，以及改善营养状况或 ADL 是否可以降低该人群 MCI 的发生率。
