塞浦路斯居家老年人中营养不良、抑郁与认知衰退之间的关联：一项横断面研究。
The association between malnutrition, depression and cognitive decline in free-living elderly people in Cyprus: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Kantilafti Maria, Hadjikou Andria, Chrysostomou Stavri
机构信息
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, Nicosia, 1516, Cyprus.
Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, Nicosia, 1516, Cyprus.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 21;24(1):3556. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21132-1.
BACKGROUND
Malnutrition, depression, and cognitive decline are significant concerns among the elderly population, yet the relationship between these factors remains underexplored, particularly in Cyprus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, depression, and cognitive decline in free-living elderly people in Cyprus and to explore the associations between these conditions and various anthropometric, social, and dietary factors.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 248 participants aged ≥ 60 years, using convenience sampling. Data collection included sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, and assessments of nutritional status, depression, and cognitive decline using validated tools. Statistical analyses included logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the associations between the variables.
RESULTS
The study found that 25% of participants were at risk of undernutrition, while 3% were malnourished. Depression was present in 18.6% of the sample, with females showing higher rates than males. Cognitive decline was reported by 42.7% of participants, with a higher prevalence in males. Eating alone was significantly associated with higher risks of both depression (AOR: 2.00) and cognitive decline (β: 0.15), while participation in social activities reduced the risk of depression (AOR: 0.32). Higher muscle mass was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (AOR: 0.92).
CONCLUSIONS
Malnutrition, depression, and cognitive decline are interrelated conditions in the elderly population of Cyprus. Social participation and eating with others appear to have protective effects against depression, while maintaining muscle mass may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Public health interventions should focus on improving nutritional status and encouraging social engagement among the elderly to protect their mental health.
背景
营养不良、抑郁和认知能力下降是老年人群体中的重大问题，但这些因素之间的关系仍未得到充分研究，尤其是在塞浦路斯。本研究旨在评估塞浦路斯独立生活的老年人中营养不良、抑郁和认知能力下降的患病率，并探讨这些状况与各种人体测量、社会和饮食因素之间的关联。
方法
采用便利抽样法对248名年龄≥60岁的参与者进行了横断面研究。数据收集包括社会人口学信息、人体测量以及使用经过验证的工具对营养状况、抑郁和认知能力下降进行评估。统计分析包括逻辑回归和线性回归模型，以评估变量之间的关联。
结果
研究发现，25%的参与者存在营养不良风险，而3%的人营养不良。18.6%的样本存在抑郁，女性患病率高于男性。42.7%的参与者报告有认知能力下降，男性患病率更高。独自用餐与抑郁（优势比：2.00）和认知能力下降（β：0.15）的较高风险显著相关，而参与社交活动可降低抑郁风险（优势比：0.32）。较高的肌肉量与较低的认知能力下降风险相关（优势比：0.92）。
结论
在塞浦路斯老年人群体中，营养不良、抑郁和认知能力下降是相互关联的状况。社会参与和与他人一起用餐似乎对抑郁有保护作用，而维持肌肉量可能有助于降低认知能力下降的风险。公共卫生干预措施应侧重于改善营养状况并鼓励老年人参与社交活动，以保护他们的心理健康。
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