Área de Ingeniería Naval y Oceánica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):8473. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228473.
Seaports' energy strategy should rely on the use of renewable energy. Presently, the share of renewable energy used by many of the ports worldwide is negligible. Some initiatives are in the process of implementation to produce some of the energy used by the Port of Valencia, one the largest ports in the Mediterranean Basin. Among these initiatives, a photovoltaic plant with an installed capacity of 5.5 MW is under a tendering process and the assessment studies for the deployment of three to five windmills are close to being finished. However, this is not enough to make it a "zero emissions port" as some of the energy demand would still be covered by fossil fuels. Therefore, we should consider clean alternative energy sources. This article analyses the wave energy resources in the surroundings of the Port of Valencia using a 7-year series of data obtained from numerical modelling (forecast). The spatial distribution of wave power is analysed using data from 3 SIMAR points at Valencia Bay and is compared to the data obtained by the Valencia Buoy I (removed in 2005). The obtained results are used to estimate the power matrices and the average energy output of two wave energy converters suitable to be integrated into the port's infrastructure. Finally, the wave energy converters' production is compared to the average amount of energy that is forecast to be obtained from other renewable sources such as solar and wind. Due to the nature of the Gulf's wave climate (mostly low waves), the main conclusion is that the energy obtainable from the waves in the Valencia Gulf will be in correlation with such climate. However, when dealing with great energy consumers every source of production is worthwhile and further research is needed to optimize the production of energy from renewable sources and its use in an industrial environment such as ports.
海港的能源战略应依赖于可再生能源的使用。目前，全球许多港口所使用的可再生能源的比例微不足道。一些举措正在实施中，以生产巴伦西亚港（地中海盆地最大的港口之一）所使用的部分能源。在这些举措中，一个 5.5 兆瓦的光伏电站正在招标过程中，而部署三到五个风力涡轮机的评估研究也即将完成。然而，这还不足以使其成为“零排放港口”，因为部分能源需求仍将依赖化石燃料。因此，我们应该考虑清洁的替代能源。本文使用从数值建模（预测）获得的 7 年数据系列，分析了巴伦西亚港周围的波浪能资源。使用巴伦西亚湾的 3 个 SIMAR 点的数据分析了波浪能的空间分布，并与巴伦西亚浮标 I（于 2005 年拆除）获得的数据进行了比较。所得结果用于估算适合集成到港口基础设施中的两个波浪能转换器的功率矩阵和平均能量输出。最后，将波浪能转换器的产量与预计从太阳能和风能等其他可再生能源获得的平均能量进行了比较。由于海湾波浪气候的性质（主要是低波），主要结论是，从巴伦西亚湾的波浪中获得的能量将与这种气候相关。然而，当涉及到大型能源消费者时，每一种能源的生产都是值得的，需要进一步研究以优化可再生能源的生产及其在港口等工业环境中的利用。
