Duan Runping, Xu Yesheng, Zheng Libin, Yao Yufeng
Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Oct 25;49(5):644-650. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.07.03.
A large number of viruses have been found to be associated with ocular diseases, including human adenovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV), human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This group of diseases is prone to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis, resulting in serious tissue and visual damage. Etiological diagnosis is a powerful auxiliary mean to diagnose the ocular diseases associated with human adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus, and it provides the leading diagnosis evidence of infections with herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6/7, HHV-8, HTLV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Virus isolation, immunoassay and genetic diagnosis are usually used for etiologic diagnosis. For genetic diagnosis, the PCR technique is the most important approach because of its advantages of rapid detection, convenient operation, high sensitivity and high specificity.
已发现大量病毒与眼部疾病有关，包括人腺病毒、人疱疹病毒（HHV）、人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）以及新出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。这类疾病容易被误诊或漏诊，从而导致严重的组织损伤和视力损害。病因诊断是诊断与人腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒1型和水痘-带状疱疹病毒相关眼部疾病的有力辅助手段，它为单纯疱疹病毒2型、EB病毒、巨细胞病毒、HHV-6/7、HHV-8、HTLV-1和SARS-CoV-2感染提供主要诊断依据。病毒分离、免疫测定和基因诊断通常用于病因诊断。对于基因诊断，PCR技术是最重要的方法，因为它具有检测快速、操作简便、灵敏度高和特异性强等优点。
