Bayati Mohamed, Ho Thi L, Vu Danh C, Wang Fengzhen, Rogers Elizabeth, Cuvellier Craig, Huebotter Steve, Inniss Enos C, Udawatta Ranjith, Jose Shibu, Lin Chung-Ho
Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq.
Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA; Center of Core Facilities, Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Viet Nam.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Jan;231:113664. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113664. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
The prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater has led to increased concerns about their impact on both human health and ecosystem. The constructed wetlands have been recognized as one of the cost-effective and green mitigation approaches to remove the PPCPs in the municipal wastewater. In this study, the effectiveness of a full scale constructed wetlands treatment system (CCWTs) in removing the 36 PPCPs was investigated. The load mass of PPCPs discharged by the wastewater treatment plant into the CCWTs was calculated. Removal efficiencies of PPCPs were evaluated based on physico-chemical properties such as octanol-water partition coefficient (Log k), molecular weight (MW, g mol) and the acid dissociation constant (pK). The CCWTs are especially efficient in removing azithromycin, sertraline, tolfenamic acid, and diphenhydramine with removing efficiency >88%. However, the removal efficiencies of PPCPs in CCWTs exhibit a large variability, depending on physical and chemical properties of the molecules, with 4.7-96.7% for antibiotics, 5-86% for antidepressant and antiseizure drugs, 3.5-88% for NSAIDs, 29-77% for β-blockers and statins and 5.5-94% for other types of PPCPs. In addition, the environmental risk assessment showed that majority of the PPCPs (excluding sulfamethoxazole) in the effluent yielded low aquatic risk (risk quotient, RQ ≤ 0.1) due to the efficiency of CCWTs. The toxicity index scores were calculated by integration of the predicted and available toxicological hazard data into the prioritization ranking algorithm through Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi).
城市污水中药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的普遍存在引发了人们对其对人类健康和生态系统影响的日益担忧。人工湿地已被公认为是去除城市污水中PPCPs的经济高效且环保的缓解方法之一。在本研究中，调查了一个全尺寸人工湿地处理系统（CCWTs）去除36种PPCPs的效果。计算了污水处理厂排放到CCWTs中的PPCPs的负荷量。基于正辛醇-水分配系数（Log k）、分子量（MW，g/mol）和酸解离常数（pK）等物理化学性质评估了PPCPs的去除效率。CCWTs在去除阿奇霉素、舍曲林、托芬那酸和苯海拉明方面特别有效，去除效率>88%。然而，CCWTs中PPCPs的去除效率表现出很大的变异性，这取决于分子的物理和化学性质，抗生素的去除效率为4.7-96.7%，抗抑郁和抗癫痫药物为5-86%，非甾体抗炎药为3.5-88%，β受体阻滞剂和他汀类药物为29-77%，其他类型的PPCPs为5.5-94%。此外，环境风险评估表明，由于CCWTs的效率，流出物中的大多数PPCPs（不包括磺胺甲恶唑）产生的水生风险较低（风险商数，RQ≤0.1）。毒性指数得分是通过将预测的和可用的毒理学危害数据通过毒理学优先指数（ToxPi）整合到优先排序算法中计算得出的。
