Department of AgroFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100Udine, Italy.
J Dairy Res. 2020 Aug;87(S1):79-83. doi: 10.1017/S0022029920000485. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
Recent advances on milk exosomes (EXO), cargoes in cell-cell communication, explored their role within and between individuals, including in dairy species. The potential use of EXO as biomarkers of disease and metabolic conditions adds significant interest to the study of EXO in milk. Although several researches have been carried out on circulating miRNA in the milk, less information is available about milk-derived exosomal miRNAs, which are stable over time and resistant to digestion and milk processing. EXO are taken up by recipient cells through specific mechanisms, which enable the selective delivery of cargoes. This suggests that EXO cargoes can be used as biomarkers of health. Nevertheless, methodological limitations and potential applications of milk EXO in dairy ruminants must be considered. The paucity of studies that associate the EXO cargo to specific challenges deserves further investigations to unravel the variation of miRNA and proteins cargo in relation to metabolic imbalance and infectious disease of the mammary gland.
近年来，牛奶外泌体（EXO）作为细胞间通讯的载体，其在个体内部和个体之间的作用引起了广泛关注，包括在奶牛物种中。EXO 作为疾病和代谢状况生物标志物的潜在用途，使得对牛奶中 EXO 的研究更具意义。尽管已经开展了关于循环 miRNA 的多项研究，但关于牛奶来源的外泌体 miRNA 的信息较少，这些 miRNA 具有时间稳定性，且能够抵抗消化和牛奶加工。EXO 通过特定的机制被受体细胞摄取，从而实现货物的选择性传递。这表明 EXO 货物可作为健康生物标志物。然而，在奶牛反刍动物中，必须考虑到牛奶 EXO 的方法学限制和潜在应用。将 EXO 货物与特定挑战联系起来的研究很少，这值得进一步研究，以揭示 miRNA 和蛋白质货物的变化与乳腺代谢失衡和传染病之间的关系。
