Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, CRB 1184, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Atrium Health-Charlotte, UNC School of Medicine, Charlotte Campus, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 300, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2021 Feb;37(1):1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2020.08.002. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
The elderly are particularly prone to developing upper gastrointestinal disturbances. Changes are due to the aging process, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and neurologic issues. Medications used to treat these underlying conditions can cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Dysphagia is common and can be oropharyngeal and/or esophageal. Gastroparesis is due to either medications such opiates, or due to neurologic sequala of diabetes, cerebrovascular accidents, or neurologic diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Given limitations in many commonly used prokinetics with a wide range of side effect profiles including neurologic and cardiac, the focus of treatment should be on symptom management with dietary changes.
老年人尤其容易出现上消化道紊乱。这些变化是由于衰老过程、糖尿病、心血管危险因素和神经问题引起的。用于治疗这些潜在疾病的药物可能会引起胃肠道症状。吞咽困难很常见，可以是口咽或食管。胃轻瘫是由于阿片类药物等药物引起的，或者是由于糖尿病、脑血管意外或帕金森病等神经疾病的神经后遗症引起的。鉴于许多常用促动力药物存在广泛的副作用，包括神经和心脏方面的副作用，治疗的重点应该是通过饮食改变来进行症状管理。
