Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Apr;116(4):914-925. doi: 10.1111/add.15238. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco deprivation in African American smokers.
Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation status (deprived versus non-deprived).
Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA.
African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10 cig/day).
At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale (EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges), Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured.
Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs = 0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms or smoking reinstatement behavior.
Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
频繁经历歧视可能会增加烟草戒断和吸烟复发的脆弱性，这种情况在存在烟草相关健康差异的人群中更为常见。本实验室研究（2013-17 年）探讨了个体日常生活中感知到的歧视经历差异是否预测了非裔美国吸烟者在急性烟草剥夺后出现的烟草戒断症状和吸烟复发行为。
混合设计，将被试间连续变量（感知歧视）与被试内变量（被剥夺与未被剥夺）进行交叉。
美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的学术医疗中心。
非治疗性每日吸烟的非裔美国成年吸烟者（n=607，≥10 支/天）。
在基线访视时，测量自我报告的日常生活中感知到的歧视频率[日常歧视量表（EDDS）]。在随后的两次平衡实验访视（16 小时的烟草剥夺与自由吸烟）中，评估各种烟草戒断症状领域的自我报告评估[简短吸烟冲动问卷）、威斯康星州吸烟戒断量表（WSWS）、情绪状态问卷（POMS）、Snaith-Hamilton 愉悦量表（SHAPS）和当前冲动量表（CIS）]和行为吸烟复发模拟任务。
调整后的模型表明，感知到的歧视经历频率越高，与因烟草剥夺引起的急性吸烟冲动增加的关联越大，可缓解负面情绪、多种负面情绪状态和主观认知功能的变化，其效应量较小（βs=0.09-0.13；P<0.02）。感知到的歧视与因剥夺引起的渴望、为愉悦而吸烟的冲动、减轻积极情绪、其他症状或吸烟复吸行为的变化之间的关联尚无定论。
感知到的歧视经历频率似乎与非裔美国吸烟者中一些因烟草剥夺引起的烟草戒断症状的严重程度中度相关。
