State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China.
J Food Sci. 2020 Dec;85(12):4396-4406. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15512. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
In this work, levels of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine in chicken products and its transfer factors (TFs) and dietary risks assessment for Chinese consumers are presented. Cyromazine was added to chicken feed at doses of 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 42 days. Cyromazine residues were found in frequently consumed chicken products (meat, heart, liver, gizzard, and eggs), with liver and eggs displaying the highest concentrations (0.935 and 1.281 mg/kg, respectively). Low levels of melamine residues (<0.029 mg/kg) were detected in chicken products from chickens treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg cyromazine, but not in eggs from chickens treated with 5 mg/kg cyromazine. The TFs for the investigated chicken products varied from 0.0074 to 0.0229 across the dosage levels. The chronic exposure assessment showed that 0.001 to 0.190% of the acceptable daily intake (0.06 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]/day) of cyromazine was consumed through chicken products among the various age and gender groups of Chinese consumers. The acute exposure assessments of different age and gender groups were 0.0004% to 0.178% of the acute reference dose (0.1 mg/kg b.w.). Although the results suggest that the risk associated with cyromazine residues in chicken products was low in China, the possible risk associated with cyromazine residues in chicken products should not be ignored while cyromazine remains a legal feed additive. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present analytical method could be used for cyromazine and melamine detection in different chicken products, and dietary risk assessments of cyromazine provided a support for the work of regulatory bodies to conduct surveillance programs regarding food safety evaluation of cyromazine.
本研究旨在检测鸡产品中的环丙氨嗪及其代谢物三聚氰胺的残留水平及其转移因子（TFs），评估其对中国消费者的膳食风险。在为期 42 天的试验中，鸡饲料中添加了 5、25 和 50mg/kg 的环丙氨嗪。研究发现，经常食用的鸡产品（肉、心、肝、肫和蛋）中均有环丙氨嗪残留，肝和蛋中的残留浓度最高（分别为 0.935 和 1.281mg/kg）。在摄入 25 和 50mg/kg 环丙氨嗪的鸡中，鸡产品中仅检测到痕量的三聚氰胺残留（<0.029mg/kg），但摄入 5mg/kg 环丙氨嗪的鸡所产鸡蛋中未检测到三聚氰胺残留。在所研究的鸡产品中，TFs 随剂量水平的变化范围为 0.0074 至 0.0229。慢性暴露评估表明，不同年龄和性别的中国消费者通过鸡产品摄入的环丙氨嗪摄入量占其每日允许摄入量（0.06mg/kg 体重/天）的 0.001%至 0.190%。不同年龄和性别的急性暴露评估值为急性参考剂量（0.1mg/kg 体重）的 0.0004%至 0.178%。尽管结果表明中国鸡产品中环丙氨嗪残留的风险较低，但在环丙氨嗪仍作为合法饲料添加剂的情况下，不应忽视其残留可能带来的风险。实际应用：本研究建立的分析方法可用于不同鸡产品中环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺的检测，以及环丙氨嗪膳食风险评估为监管机构开展环丙氨嗪食品安全评价监测计划提供了支持。
