美国 2020 年全国代表性调查：按使用目的和州合法化状况划分的大麻使用者给药方法的异质性。
Heterogeneities in administration methods among cannabis users by use purpose and state legalization status: findings from a nationally representative survey in the United States, 2020.
机构信息
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
出版信息
Addiction. 2021 Jul;116(7):1782-1793. doi: 10.1111/add.15342. Epub 2021 Jan 3.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Different cannabis administration methods have differential impacts on health. This study aimed to describe administration methods among cannabis users in the United States categorized by (1) use purpose and (2) state legalization status.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional, probability-based online survey in 2020.
SETTING
All 50 states and Washington DC in the United States.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 21 903 adults (18+) were recruited from a probability-based online panel to provide nationally representative estimates.
METHODS
Eleven administration methods were grouped into combustion, vaporization, ingestion and topicals. Weighted prevalence was reported among (1) medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users based on self-reported purposes and (2) users in states that legalized both recreational and medical cannabis (RCL states), legalized medical cannabis only and did not legalize cannabis.
FINDINGS
Among past-year users, the proportions of medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users were 25.55, 43.81 and 30.64%, respectively. The most common primary methods were combustion (42.08%) and topicals (28.65%) for medical purposes and combustion (72.07%) and ingestion (15.05%) for recreational purposes. Dual-purpose users were more likely to report combustion and vaporization but less likely to report ingestion and topicals as primary methods for medical use than medical-only users (P < 0.001) and more likely to report combustion and topicals but less likely to report ingestion as primary methods for recreational use than recreational-only users (P < 0.041). A higher proportion of dual-purpose users (82.82%) used more than one method than medical-only (40.52%) and recreational-only users (63.91%) (P < 0.001). For both medical and recreational purposes, RCL states had the lowest rate of combustion and the highest rates of ingestion and topicals reported as primary methods (P < 0.033). The rate of using more than one administration method did not differ across states (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Cannabis users whose purposes are medical, recreational or both tend to differ in their selected administration methods.
背景和目的
不同的大麻使用方式对健康有不同的影响。本研究旨在描述美国大麻使用者的使用方式，分为（1）使用目的和（2）州合法化状况。
设计
2020 年进行的基于概率的横断面在线调查。
地点
美国所有 50 个州和华盛顿特区。
参与者
从一个基于概率的在线小组中招募了总共 21903 名成年人（18 岁及以上），以提供全国代表性的估计。
方法
将 11 种给药方法分为燃烧、汽化、摄入和局部给药。根据自我报告的目的，报告了仅用于医疗、仅用于娱乐和双重用途的使用者中的加权患病率（1），以及在同时合法娱乐和医疗用大麻（RCL 州）、仅合法医疗用大麻和未合法化大麻的州的使用者中的患病率。
结果
在过去一年的使用者中，仅医疗用途、仅娱乐用途和双重用途使用者的比例分别为 25.55%、43.81%和 30.64%。最常见的主要方法是医疗目的的燃烧（42.08%）和局部用药（28.65%），以及娱乐目的的燃烧（72.07%）和摄入（15.05%）。与仅医疗用途的使用者相比，双重用途的使用者更有可能报告燃烧和汽化，但不太可能报告摄入和局部用药作为医疗用途的主要方法（P<0.001），并且更有可能报告燃烧和局部用药，但不太可能报告摄入作为娱乐用途的主要方法与仅娱乐用途的使用者相比（P<0.041）。与仅医疗用途和仅娱乐用途的使用者相比，双重用途的使用者（82.82%）使用一种以上方法的比例更高（P<0.001）。对于医疗和娱乐目的，RCL 州报告的燃烧作为主要方法的比例最低，而摄入和局部用药的比例最高（P<0.033）。使用一种以上给药方法的比率在各州之间没有差异（P>0.05）。
结论
医疗、娱乐或两者兼而有之的大麻使用者在选择给药方法上可能存在差异。
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