效力、警示信息和价格对大麻花产品偏好的影响。
The impacts of potency, warning messages, and price on preferences for Cannabis flower products.
机构信息
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
出版信息
Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Dec;74:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.037. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
BACKGROUND
Recreational cannabis has been legalized in 11 states and Washington DC in the US. However, little is known about individual preferences for legal cannabis products. This study estimated the impacts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), warning messages, and price on preferences for cannabis flowers.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey with discrete choice experiments was implemented in October 2017. A sample of 2400 adults aged 21 years or older were recruited from 6 US states with recreational cannabis legalization, consisting of 1200 past-year nonusers and 1200 past-year users. Each respondent was randomly assigned to 12 discrete choice scenarios, each asking them to choose from an opt-out option and 3 cannabis flower products with varying levels in THC, CBD, warning messages, and price. The impacts of product attributes on individual choices were analyzed with nested logit regressions.
RESULTS
Both cannabis nonusers and users preferred higher CBD and lower price. Users also preferred higher THC. The results on warning messages were mixed: graphic warning on drugged driving and text warning message had positive impacts on nonusers' and users' preferences for cannabis flowers, respectively, whereas FDA disapproval disclaimer had negative impacts on nonusers' preferences. Heterogeneities in preferences were revealed among nonusers by former use status and among users by reason of use. Particularly, medical cannabis users were not as responsive to THC as recreational cannabis users or dual users were. Regarding relative importance of the attributes, all respondents but medical cannabis users perceived price as the most important attribute (relative importance 51-64%), whereas medical cannabis users perceived CBD as the most important attribute (relative importance 47%).
CONCLUSION
The findings indicated that product characteristics may have influences on US adults' choices of legal cannabis flower products and may deserve consideration for cannabis regulatory framework.
背景
美国有 11 个州和华盛顿哥伦比亚特区已将娱乐用大麻合法化。然而，对于合法大麻产品的个人偏好，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在评估四氢大麻酚（THC）、大麻二酚（CBD）、警示信息和价格对大麻花偏好的影响。
方法
2017 年 10 月，采用横断面在线调查和离散选择实验的方法进行。在美国 6 个有娱乐用大麻合法化的州招募了 2400 名 21 岁及以上的成年人作为样本，其中包括 1200 名过去一年的非使用者和 1200 名过去一年的使用者。每位受访者随机分配到 12 个离散选择情景中，每个情景都要求他们从一个退出选项和 3 种大麻花产品中进行选择，这些产品在 THC、CBD、警示信息和价格方面存在差异。使用嵌套对数回归分析产品属性对个人选择的影响。
结果
大麻非使用者和使用者都更喜欢 CBD 含量高和价格低的产品。使用者也更喜欢 THC 含量高的产品。警示信息的结果喜忧参半：毒品驾驶的图形警示和文字警示信息分别对非使用者和使用者对大麻花的偏好产生了积极影响，而 FDA 不批准的免责声明则对非使用者的偏好产生了负面影响。非使用者中，前使用者的使用状况存在偏好异质性，使用者中，因使用目的不同也存在偏好异质性。特别是，医用大麻使用者对 THC 的反应不如娱乐性大麻使用者或双重使用者敏感。关于属性的相对重要性，除医用大麻使用者外，所有受访者都认为价格是最重要的属性（相对重要性为 51%-64%），而医用大麻使用者认为 CBD 是最重要的属性（相对重要性为 47%）。
结论
研究结果表明，产品特性可能会影响美国成年人对合法大麻花产品的选择，这可能值得在大麻监管框架中考虑。
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