Cutler Sally J, Vayssier-Taussat Muriel, Estrada-Peña Agustín, Potkonjak Aleksandar, Mihalca Andrei D, Zeller Hervé
School of Health, Sport & Bioscience, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, UK.
Animal Health Division, INRA, France.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021 Jan;12(1):101607. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101607. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
Over recent years, a multitude of pathogens have been reported to be tick-borne. Given this, it is unsurprising that these might co-exist within the same tick, however our understanding of the interactions of these agents both within the tick and vertebrate host remains poorly defined. Despite the rich diversity of ticks, relatively few regularly feed on humans, 12 belonging to argasid and 20 ixodid species, and literature on co-infection is only available for a few of these species. The interplay of various pathogen combinations upon the vertebrate host and tick vector represents a current knowledge gap. The impact of co-infection in humans further extends into diagnostic challenges arising when multiple pathogens are encountered and we have little current data upon which to make therapeutic recommendations for those with multiple infections. Despite these short-comings, there is now increasing recognition of co-infections and current research efforts are providing valuable insights into dynamics of pathogen interactions whether they facilitate or antagonise each other. Much of this existing data is focussed upon simultaneous infection, however the consequences of sequential infection also need to be addressed. To this end, it is timely to review current understanding and highlight those areas still to address.
近年来，据报道多种病原体可通过蜱传播。鉴于此，这些病原体可能在同一只蜱体内共存也就不足为奇了，然而我们对这些病原体在蜱和脊椎动物宿主体内相互作用的了解仍然很有限。尽管蜱类种类丰富，但相对较少的蜱会经常叮咬人类，其中软蜱有12种，硬蜱有20种，而且关于共感染的文献仅适用于其中少数几种。各种病原体组合对脊椎动物宿主和蜱传播媒介的相互作用代表了当前的知识空白。共感染对人类的影响还进一步延伸到遇到多种病原体时出现的诊断挑战，而且目前我们几乎没有数据可用于为多重感染患者提供治疗建议。尽管存在这些不足，但现在人们对共感染的认识越来越高，当前的研究工作正在为病原体相互作用的动态提供有价值的见解，无论它们是相互促进还是相互拮抗。现有的大部分数据都集中在同时感染上，然而顺序感染的后果也需要加以研究。为此，及时回顾当前的认识并突出那些仍需解决的领域很有必要。
