Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand.
Sport and Exercise Science, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia.
J Sport Health Sci. 2021 May;10(3):333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.007. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 17-week, 3-component lifestyle intervention for enhancing health behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
A parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 79 airline pilots over a 17-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention group (n = 38) received a personalized sleep, dietary, and physical activity (PA) program. The control group (n = 41) received no intervention. Outcome measures for sleep, fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and subjective health were measured though an online survey before and after the 17-week period. The changes in outcome measures were used to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
Significant main effects for time × group were found for International Physical Activity Questionnaire-walk (p = 0.02) and for all other outcome measures (p < 0.01). The intervention group significantly improved in sleep duration (p < 0.01; d = 1.35), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (p < 0.01; d = 1.14), moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.01; d = 1.44), fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.01; d = 2.09), Short Form 12v2 physical score (p < 0.01; d = 1.52), and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01; d = 2.09). The control group showed significant negative change for sleep duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01).
Results provide preliminary evidence that a 3-component healthy sleep, eating, and PA intervention elicit improvements in health behaviors and perceived subjective health in pilots and may improve quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.
本研究旨在评估一项为期 17 周的三组分生活方式干预措施在新冠疫情期间增强健康行为的效果。
在新冠疫情期间，对 79 名航空公司飞行员进行了一项平行组（干预组和对照组）研究。干预组（n=38）接受了个性化的睡眠、饮食和体力活动（PA）方案。对照组（n=41）未接受干预。通过在线调查在 17 周前后测量睡眠、水果和蔬菜摄入量、PA 和主观健康的结果。使用干预前后的结果变化来确定干预的效果。
发现国际体力活动问卷-步行（p=0.02）和所有其他结果测量（p<0.01）的时间×组的主要效应显著。干预组在睡眠持续时间（p<0.01；d=1.35）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分（p<0.01；d=1.14）、中等到剧烈的 PA（p<0.01；d=1.44）、水果和蔬菜摄入量（p<0.01；d=2.09）、12 项简短健康调查简表 2 版物理评分（p<0.01；d=1.52）和 12 项简短健康调查简表 2 版心理评分（p<0.01；d=2.09）方面均有显著改善。对照组在睡眠持续时间、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分和 12 项简短健康调查简表 2 版心理评分方面表现出显著的负面变化（p<0.01）。
结果初步证明，三组分健康睡眠、饮食和 PA 干预措施可改善飞行员的健康行为和主观健康感知，并可能在前所未有的全球大流行期间提高生活质量。
