Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand.
Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2022 May 9;14(9):1988. doi: 10.3390/nu14091988.
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-component nutrition, sleep, and physical activity (PA) program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and health behaviors in overweight airline pilots. (2) Methods: A parallel group study was conducted amongst 125 airline pilots. The intervention group participated in a 16-week personalized healthy eating, sleep hygiene, and PA program. Outcome measures of objective health (maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), body mass, skinfolds, girths, blood pressure, resting heart rate, push-ups, plank hold) and self-reported health (weekly PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) were collected at baseline and post-intervention. The wait-list control completed the same assessments. (3) Results: Significant group main effects in favor of the intervention group were found for all outcome measures (p < 0.001) except for weekly walking (p = 0.163). All objective health measures significantly improved in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 0.41−1.04). Self-report measures (moderate-to-vigorous PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) significantly increased in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 1.00−2.69). (4) Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that a personalized 16-week healthy eating, PA, and sleep hygiene intervention can elicit significant short-term improvements in physical and mental health outcomes among overweight airline pilots. Further research is required to examine whether the observed effects are maintained longitudinally.
(1) 背景：本研究旨在评估营养、睡眠和身体活动（PA）三组分方案对超重航空公司飞行员的心肺功能、身体成分和健康行为的有效性。
(2) 方法：在 125 名航空公司飞行员中进行了一项平行组研究。干预组参与了为期 16 周的个性化健康饮食、睡眠卫生和 PA 计划。客观健康（最大摄氧量（VO2max）、体重、皮褶厚度、围度、血压、静息心率、俯卧撑、平板支撑）和自我报告的健康（每周 PA、睡眠质量和持续时间、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及自我评估的健康）的结果测量在基线和干预后进行收集。等候名单对照组完成了相同的评估。
(3) 结果：除每周步行（p = 0.163）外，干预组在所有结果测量上均显示出显著的组间主要效果（p < 0.001）。与对照组相比，干预组的所有客观健康指标均显著改善（p < 0.001，d = 0.41−1.04）。与对照组相比，干预组的自我报告措施（中等到剧烈的 PA、睡眠质量和持续时间、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及自我评估的健康）显著增加（p < 0.001，d = 1.00−2.69）。
(4) 结论：我们的研究结果表明，个性化的 16 周健康饮食、PA 和睡眠卫生干预可以在超重航空公司飞行员中引起短期身心健康结果的显著改善。需要进一步研究来检验观察到的效果是否能长期维持。
